References
- Reig M, Forner A, Rimola J, Fuster J, Ayuso C, Bruix J. BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: the 2022 update. J Hepatol 2022; 76: 681-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.11.018
- Villalobos A, Dabbous H, Little O, Gbolahan O, Akce M, Lilly MA, et al. Safety and efficacy of concurrent atezolizumab/bevacizumab or nivolumab combination therapy with yttrium-90 radioembolization of advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Curr Oncol 2023; 30: 10100-10. doi: 10.3390/curroncol30120734
- Kumar P, Wehrle CJ, Sun K, Jiao C, Panconesi R, Zhang M, et al. Combining liver-directed and immunotherapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a review and future directions. Surg Oncol Insight 2024; 1: 100100. doi: 10.1016/j.soi.2024.100100
- Finn RS, Qin S, Ikeda M, Galle PR, Ducreux M, Kim T, et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 1894-905. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1915745
- Abou-Alfa GK, Lau G, Kudo M, Chan SL, Kelley RK, Furuse J, et al. Tremelimumab plus durvalumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. NEJM Evid 2022; 1: 8. doi: 10.1056/EVIDoa2100070
- Ponziani FR, Santopaolo F, Posa A, Pompili M, Tanzilli A, Maestri M, et al. SIRT in 2025. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2022; 45: 1622-33. doi: 10.1007/s00270-022-03228-6
- Ricke J, Klümpen HJ, Amthauer H, Bargellini I, Bartenstein P, de Toni EN, et al. Impact of combined selective internal radiation therapy and sorafenib on survival in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2019; 71: 1164-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.08.006
- Fionda B, Massaccesi M, Tagliaferri L, Dinapoli N, Iezzi R, Boldrini L. Abscopal effect and interventional oncology: state of art and future perspectives. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24: 773-6. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202001_20058
- Kokudo N, Tang W, Kokudo T. Classification of hepatic venous tumor thrombus in hepatocellular carcinoma: should it describe tumor status or predict patient survival? Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2021; 10: 538-40. doi: 10.21037/hbsn-21-237
- Garin E, Tselikas L, Guiu B, Chalaye J, Edeline J, De Baere T, et al. Personalised versus standard dosimetry approach of selective internal radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (DOSISPHERE-01): a randomised, multicentre, open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2021; 6: 17-29. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30290-9
- Korsic S, Osredkar J, Smid A, Steblovnik K, Popovic M, Locatelli I, et al. Idarubicin-loaded drug-eluting microspheres transarterial chemoembolization for intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma: safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics. Radiol Oncol 2024; 58: 517-26. doi: 10.2478/raon-2024-0052
- Levillain H, Bagni O, Deroose CM, Dieudonné A, Gnesin S, Grosser OS, et al. International recommendations for personalised selective internal radiation therapy of primary and metastatic liver diseases with yttrium-90 resin microspheres. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48: 1570-84. doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-05163-5
- European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL). EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2025; 82: 315-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.08.028
- Mazzaferro V, Citterio D, Bhoori S, Bongini M, Miceli R, De Carlis L, et al. Liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma after tumour downstaging (XXL): a randomised, controlled, phase 2b/3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21: 947-56. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30224-2
- Agopian VG, Morshedi MM, McWilliams J, Harlander-Locke MP, Markovic D, Zarrinpar A, et al. Complete pathologic response to pretransplant locoregional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma defines cancer cure after liver transplantation: analysis of 501 consecutively treated patients. Ann Surg 2015; 262: 536-45. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001384
- Soin A, Bhangui P, Kataria T, Baijal S, Piplani T, Gautam D, et al. Experience with LDLT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein tumor thrombosis postdownstaging. Transplantation 2020; 104: 2334-45. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003162
- Kudo M, Aoki T, Ueshima K, Tsuchiya K, Morita M, Chishina H, et al. Achievement of complete response and drug-free status by atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combined with or without curative conversion in patients with TACE-unsuitable, intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter proof-of-concept study. Liver Cancer 2023; 12: 321-38. doi: 10.1159/000529574
- Kulkarni AV, Tevethia H, Kumar K, Premkumar M, Muttaiah M, Hiraoka A, et al. Effectiveness and safety of atezolizumab–bevacizumab in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 63: 102179. doi: 10.1016/J.eclinm.2023.102179
- Lam M, Garin E, Maccauro M, Kappadath SC, Sze D, Turkmen C, et al. A global evaluation of advanced dosimetry in transarterial radioembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma with yttrium-90: the TARGET study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49: 3340-52. doi: 10.1007/s00259-022-05774-0
- Park Y, Cho Y, Kim SU, Kim A, Shin H, Kim HC, et al. Transarterial radioembolization versus atezolizumab–bevacizumab for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis. Diagn Interv Imaging 2026; 107: 25-37. doi: 10.1016/j.diii.2025.09.024
- Yu Q, Wang Y, Ungchusri E, Patel M, Kumari D, Van Ha T, et al. Combination of transarterial radioembolization with atezolizumab and bevacizumab for intermediate and advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a preliminary report of safety and feasibility. J Interv Med 2023; 6: 187-93. doi: 10.1016/J.jimed.2023.09.004
- Park MK, Yu SJ. Concurrent transarterial radioembolization and combination atezolizumab/bevacizumab treatment of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: a case report. J Liver Cancer 2022; 22: 69-74. doi: 10.17998/jlc.2022.03.09
- Yeo YH, Liang J, Lauzon M, Luu M, Noureddin M, Ayoub W, et al. Immunotherapy and transarterial radioembolization combination treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2023; 118: 2201-11. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002467
- Vilgrain V, Pereira H, Assenat E, Guiu B, Ilonca AD, Pageaux G, et al. Efficacy and safety of selective internal radiotherapy with yttrium-90 resin microspheres compared with sorafenib in locally advanced and inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (SARAH): an open-label randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18: 1624-36. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30683-6
- Hermann AL, Dieudonné A, Ronot M, Sanchez M, Pereira H, Chatellier G, et al. Relationship of tumor radiation-absorbed dose to survival and response in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial radioembolization with 90Y in the SARAH study. Radiology 2020; 296: 673-84. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020191606
- Craicun L, de Wind R, Demetter P, Lucidi V, Bohlok A, Michiels S, et al. Retrospective analysis of the immunogenic effects of intra-arterial locoregional therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma: a rationale for combining selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) and immunotherapy. BMC Cancer 2020; 20: 135. doi: 10.1186/s12885-020-6613-1
- Demaria S, Guha C, Schoenfeld J, Morris Z, Monjazeb A, Sikora A, et al. Radiation dose and fraction in immunotherapy: one-size regimen does not fit all settings, so how does one choose? J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9: e002038. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002038
- Rimassa L, Finn RS, Sangro B. Combination immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2023; 79: 506-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.003