Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Presence and distribution of spicules in the pre- and intraoperative images
| Pre (%) | Intra (%) | P value (r*) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of spicules | 12.2 ± 6.3 | 13.0 ± 6.2 | < 0.001 (0.577) |
| Maximum length of spicules (mm) | 7.3 ± 5.0 | 9.5 ± 5.1 | < 0.001 (0.564) |
| Presence of spicules | 0.648 | ||
| Yes | 97 (59.9) | 100 (61.7) | |
| No | 65 (40.1) | 62 (38.3) | |
| Radial distribution of spicules | 0.192 | ||
| < 25 % | 8 (8.2) | 7 (7.0) | |
| 25–50 % | 23 (23.7) | 22 (22.0) | |
| 50–75 % | 21 (21.6) | 18 (18.0) | |
| 75–100 % | 45 (46.4) | 53 (53.0) |
Characteristics of the patients and tumors
| Number (%) | |
|---|---|
| Patients | 156 |
| Lesions | 162 |
| Mean age, years (range) | 63.0 ± 10.2 (33–95) |
| Histology | |
| Invasive ductal | 125 (77.2) |
| Invasive lobular | 29 (17.9) |
| Others* | 8 (4.9) |
| Size of tumor, mm (range) | 16.2 ± 10.0 (2–60) |
| Grade | |
| 1 | 51 (31.5) |
| 2 | 87 (53.7) |
| 3 | 24 (14.8) |
| T-stage | |
| T1 | 122 (75.3) |
| T2 | 38 (23.5) |
| T3 | 2 (1.2) |
| N-stage | |
| N0 | 117 (72.2) |
| N1 | 39 (24.1) |
| N2 | 5 (3.1) |
| N3 | 1 (0.6) |
| ER status | |
| Positive | 149 (92.0) |
| Negative | 13 (8.0) |
| PR status | |
| Positive | 144 (88.9) |
| Negative | 18 (11.1) |
| HER-2 status | |
| Positive | 11 (6.8) |
| Negative | 151 (93.2) |
| Ki-67 status | |
| Lower (≤ 14 %) | 60 (37.0) |
| Higher (> 14 %) | 101 (62.3) |
| Data missing | 1 (0.6) |
Distribution of tumor subtypes and presence of additional tumor material in spicules in relation to spiculated mass
| Spiculated | (%) | Non-spiculated | (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subtype | |||||
| Luminal A | 28 | 41.2 | 32 | 34.0 | 0.016 |
| Luminal B | 39 | 57.4 | 46 | 48.9 | |
| HER-2 enriched | 1 | 1.5 | 8 | 8.5 | |
| Basal | 0 | 0 | 8 | 8.5 | |
| Presence of additional tumor in spicules | |||||
| Yes | 46 | 67.6 | 46 | 48.9 | 0.018 |
| No | 22 | 32.4 | 48 | 51.1 | |
Mammographic features of the tumors and the lesion descriptions according to Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 5th
| Breast composition | Number (%) |
|---|---|
| A | 49 (30.2) |
| B | 84 (51.9) |
| C | 26 (16.0) |
| D | 3 (1.9) |
| Findings | |
| Mass | 128 (79.0) |
| Calcification | 25 (15.4) |
| Architectural distortion | 6 (3.7) |
| Asymmetry | 2 (1.2) |
| Invisible on mammography | 1 (0.6) |
| Mass shape | |
| Oval | 14 (10.9) |
| Round | 61 (47.7) |
| Irregular | 53 (41.4) |
| Mass margin | |
| Circumscribed | 3 (2.3) |
| Obscured | 3 (2.3) |
| Microlobulated | 31 (24.2) |
| Indistinct | 23 (18.0) |
| Spiculated | 68 (53.1) |