References
- Kahaly GJ. Management of Graves thyroidal and extrathyroidal disease: an update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105: 3704–20. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa646
- Smith TJ, Hegedüs L. Graves’ disease. N Engl J Med 2016; 375: 1552–65. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1510030
- Mazzaferri EL. Thyroid cancer and Graves’ disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 70: 826–9. doi: 10.1210/jcem-70-4-826
- Mekraksakit P, Rattanawong P, Karnchanasorn R, Kanitsoraphan C, Leelaviwat N, Poonsombudlert K, et al. Prognosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients with Graves’ disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocr Pract 2019; 25: 1323–37. doi: 10.4158/EP-2019-0201
- Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, Doherty GM, Mandel SJ, Nikiforov YE, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2016; 26: 1–133. doi: 10.1089/thy.2015.0020
- Filetti S, Durante C, Hartl D, Leboulleux S, Locati LD, Newbold K, et al. Thyroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2019; 30: 1856–83. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdz400
- Pellegriti G, Mannarino C, Russo M, Leboulleux S, Locati LD, Newbold K, et al. Increased mortality in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer associated with Graves’ disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98: 1014–21. doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-2843
- Besic N, Vidergar-Kralj B, Zaletel K, Grasic-Kuhar C. Graves’ disease and metastatic hormonal-active Hürthle cell thyroid cancer: a case report. Medicine 2021; 100: e26384. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000026384
- Sobin L, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. 7th edition. Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
- Qiu ZL, Shen CT, Luo QY. Clinical management and outcomes in patients with hyperfunctioning distant metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy. Thyroid 2015; 25: 229–37. doi: 10.1089/thy.2014.0233
- Liu J, Wang Y, Da D, Zheng M. Hyperfunctioning thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 11: 535–50. doi: 10.3892/mco.2019.1927
- Girelli ME, Casara D, Rubello D, Pelizzo MR, Busnardo B, Ziliotto D. Severe hyperthyroidism due to metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma with favorable outcome. J Endocrinol Invest 1990; 13: 333–7. doi: 10.1007/BF03349573
- Cerletty JM, Listwan WJ. Hyperthyroidism due to functioning metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Precipitation of thyroid storm with therapeutic radioactive iodine. JAMA 1979; 242: 269–70. doi: 10.1001/jama.1979.03300030041020
- Fu H, Cheng L, Jin Y, Chen L. Thyrotoxicosis with concomitant thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26: R395–413. doi: 10.1530/ERC-19-0129
- Tan J, Zhang G, Xu W, Meng Z, Dong F, Zhang F, et al. Thyrotoxicosis due to functioning metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma after twelve I–131 therapies. Clin Nucl Med 2009; 34: 615–9. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0b013e3181b06b2d
- Nishihara E, Amino N, Miyauchi A. Fractionated radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism caused by widespread metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2010; 20: 569–70. doi: 10.1089/thy.2009.0460
- Kunawudhi A, Promteangtrong C, Chotipanich C. A case report of hyperfunctioning metastatic thyroid cancer and rare I–131 avid liver metastasis. Indian J Nucl Med 2016; 31: 210–14. doi: 10.4103/0972-3919.183616.
- Danilovic DL, de Camargo RY, Castro G Jr, Papadia C, Marui S, Hoff AO, et al. Rapid control of T3 thyrotoxicosis in patients with metastatic follicular thyroid cancer treated with lenvatinib. Thyroid 2015; 25: 1262–4. doi: 10.1089/thy.2015.0167.
- Premoli P, Tanda ML, Piantanida E, Veronesi G, Gallo D, Masiello E, et al. Features and outcome of differentiated thyroid carcinoma associated with Graves’ disease: results of a large, retrospective, multicenter study. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43: 109–16. doi: 10.1007/s40618-019-01088-5
- Valenta L, Lemarchand-Béraud T, Nĕmec J, Griessen M, Bednár J. Metastatic thyroid carcinoma provoking hyperthyroidism, with elevated circulating thyrostimulators. Am J Med 1970; 48: 72–6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(70)90100-2
- Basaria S, Salvatori R. Thyrotoxicosis due to metastatic papillary thyroid cancer in a patient with Graves’ disease. J Endocrinol Invest 2002; 25: 639–42. doi: 10.1007/BF03345090
- Als C, Gedeon P, Rösler H, Minder C, Netzer P, Laissue JA, et al. Survival analysis of 19 patients with toxic thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 4122–7. doi: 10.1210/jc.2001-011147
- Epidemiology and Cancer Registry. Ljubljana: Institute of Oncology Ljubljana. [cited 2019 Aug 28]. Available at:
https://www.onko-i.si/eng/sectors/epidemiology-and-cancer-registry