References
- Lok C, Frijstein M, van Trommel N. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 74: 42-52. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.12.001
- Ngan HYS, Seckl MJ, Berkowitz RS, Xiang Y, Golfier F, Sekharan PK, et al. Update on the diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2018; 143(Suppl 2): 79-85. doi: 10.1002/ ijgo.12615
- Fehlmann A, Benkortbi K, Rosseel G, Meyer-Hamme U, Tille JC, Sloan-Bena F, et al. Gestational trophoblastic disease in Switzerland: retrospective study of the impact of a regional reference centre. Swiss Med Wkly 2021; 151: w20406. doi: 10.4414/smw.2021.20406
- Capobianco G, Tinacci E, Saderi L, Dessole F, Petrillo M, Madonia M, et al. High incidence of gestational trophoblastic disease in a third-level university-hospital, Italy: a retrospective cohort study. Front Oncol 2021; 11: 684700. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684700
- Eysbouts YK, Bulten J, Ottevanger PB, Thomas CMG, ten Kate-Booij MJ, van Herwaarden AE, et al. Trends in incidence for gestational trophoblastic disease over the last 20 years in a population-based study. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 140: 70-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.11.014
- Hancock BW, Seckl MJ, Berkowitz RS. Gestational trophoblastic disease. London: Hodder Education Publishers; 2022.
- Soper JT. Gestational trophoblastic disease: current evaluation and management. Obstet Gynecol 2021; 137: 355-70. doi: 10.1097/ AOG.0000000000004240
- Fisher RA, Maher GJ. Genetics of gestational trophoblastic disease. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 74: 29-41. doi: 10.1016/j.bpob-gyn.2021.01.004
- Kaur B. Pathology of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 74: 3-28. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2021.02.005
- Seckl MJ, Sebire NJ, Berkowitz RS. Gestational trophoblastic disease. Lancet 2010; 376: 717-29. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60280-2
- Abu-Rustum NR, Yashar CM, Bean S, Bradley K, Campos SM, Sook Chon H, et al. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, version 2.2019. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2019; 17: 1374-91. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2019.0053
- Lok C, van Trommel N, Massuger L, Golfier F, Seckl M. Practical clinical guidelines of the EOTTD for treatment and referral of gestational trophoblastic disease. Eur J Cancer 2020; 130: 228-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.02.011
- Cavoretto P, Cioffi R, Mangili G, Petrone M, Bergamini A, Rabaiotti E, et al. A pictorial ultrasound essay of gestational trophoblastic disease. J Ultrasound Med 2020; 39: 597-613. doi: 10.1002/jum.15119
- Memtsa M, Johns J, Jurkovic D, Ross JA, Sebire NJ, Jauniaux E. Diagnosis and outcome of hydatidiform moles in missed-miscarriage: a cohort-study, systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 253: 206-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.030
- Jauniaux E, Memtsa M, Johns J, Ross JA, Sebire NJ, Jurkovic D. Ultrasound diagnosis of complete and partial hydatidiform moles in early pregnancy failure: an inter-observer study. Placenta 2020; 97: 65-7. doi: 10.1016/j. placenta.2020.06.013
- Kirk E, Papageorghiou AT, Condous G, Bottomley C, Bourne T. The accuracy of first trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2007; 29: 70-5. doi: 10.1002/uog.3875
- Shaaban AM, Rezvani M, Haroun RR, Kennedy AM, Elsayes KM, Olpin JD, et al. Gestational trophoblastic disease: clinical and imaging features. Radiographics 2017; 37: 681-700. doi: 10.1148/rg.2017160140
- Jauniaux E, Memtsa M, Johns J, Ross JA, Jurkovic D. New insights in the pathophysiology of complete hydatidiform mole. Placenta 2018; 62: 28-33. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.12.008
- Knez J, Day A, Jurkovic D. Ultrasound imaging in the management of bleeding and pain in early pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2014; 28: 621-36. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.04.003
- Lin LH, Bernardes LS, Hase EA, Fushida K, Francisco RPV. Is Doppler ultrasound useful for evaluating gestational trophoblastic disease? Clinics 2015; 70: 810. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2015(12)08
- Taylor HS, Pal L, Seli E. Speroff’s clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2020.
- McMahon LM, Stewart WW, Cuthill L. Human chorionic gonadotrophin assays to monitor GTD. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 74: 109-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2021.05.001
- Sato A, Usui H, Shozu M. Comparison between vacuum aspiration and forceps plus blunt curettage for the evacuation of complete hydatidi-form moles. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 58: 650-5. doi: 10.1016/j. tjog.2019.07.012
- Ngan HYS, Seckl MJ, Berkowitz RS, Xiang Y, Golfier F, Sekharan PK, et al. Diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease: 2021 update. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 155: 86-93. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13877
- Tidy J, Seckl M, Hancock BW, on behalf of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Management of gestational trophoblastic disease. BJOG 2021; 128: e1-27. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16266
- Horowitz NS, Eskander RN, Adelman MR, Burke W. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease: a society of gynecologic oncology evidenced-based review and recommendation. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 163: 605-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.10.003
- Ngu SF, Ngan HYS. Surgery including fertility-sparing treatment of GTD. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 74: 97-108. doi: 10.1016/j. bpobgyn.2020.10.005
- Zhao P, Lu Y, Huang W, Tong B, Lu W. Total hysterectomy versus uterine evacuation for preventing post-molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in patients who are at least 40 years old: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19: 13. doi: 10.1186/s12885-018-5168
- Gockley AA, Lin LH, Davis M, Melamed A, Rizzo A, Sun SY, et al. Impact of clinical characteristics on human chorionic gonadotropin regression after molar pregnancy. Clinics 2021; 76: e2830. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2830
- Eysbouts Y, Brouwer R, Ottevanger P, Massuger L, Sweep F, Thomas C, et al. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin normogram for the detection of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2017; 27: 1035-41. doi: 10.1097/IGC.0000000000000966
- Snyman LC. Gestational trophoblastic disease: an overview. S Afr J Gynaecol Oncol 2009; 1: 32-7. doi: 10.1080/20742835.2009.11441132
- Lurain JR. Gestational trophoblastic tumors. Semin Surg Oncol 1990; 6: 347-53. doi: 10.1002/SSU.2980060610
- FIGO Oncology Committee. FIGO staging for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia 2000. FIGO Oncology Committee. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2002; 77: 285-7. doi: 10.1016/S0020-7292(02)00063-2
- Lurain JR. Gestational trophoblastic disease I: epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and management of hydatidiform mole. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 203: 531-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.06.073
- Hancock BW, Tidy J. Placental site trophoblastic tumour and epithelioid trophoblastic tumour. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 74: 131-48. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.10.004
- Seckl MJ, Sebire NJ, Fisher RA, Golfier F, Massuger L, Sessa C. Gestational trophoblastic disease: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2013; 24(Suppl 6): 39-50. doi: 10.1093/ annonc/mdt345
- Biscaro A, Braga A, Berkowitz RS. Diagnosis, classification and treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2015; 37: 42-51. doi: 10.1590/SO100-720320140005198
- Winter MC. Treatment of low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 74: 67-80. doi: 10.1016/j.bpob-gyn.2021.01.006
- Berkowitz RS, Goldstein DP. Current management of gestational trophoblastic diseases. Gynecol Oncol 2009; 112: 654-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ygy-no.2008.09.005
- Braga A, Mora P, Melo AC de, Nogueira-Rodrigues A, Amim-Junior J, Rezende-Filho J, et al. Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia worldwide. World J Clin Oncol 2019; 10: 28-37. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v10.i2.28
- Clark JJ, Slater S, Seckl MJ. Treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease in the 2020s. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2021; 33: 7-12. doi: 10.1097/ GCO.0000000000000674
- Clair KH, Gallegos N, Bristow RE. Successful treatment of metastatic refractory gestational choriocarcinoma with pembrolizumab: a case for immune checkpoint salvage therapy in trophoblastic tumors. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2020; 34: 100625. doi: 10.1016/j.gore.2020.100625
- Choi MC, Oh J, Lee C. Effective anti-programmed cell death 1 treatment for chemoresistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Eur J Cancer 2019; 121: 94-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.08.024
- Ghorani E, Kaur B, Fisher RA, Short D, Joneborg U, Carlson JW, et al. Pembrolizumab is effective for drug-resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Lancet 2017; 390: 2343-5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32894-5
- Lurain JR. Gestational trophoblastic disease II: classification and management of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 204: 11-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.06.072
- di Mattei V, Mazzetti M, Perego G, Rottoli S, Mangili G, Bergamini A, et al. Psychological aspects and fertility issues of GTD. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 74: 53-66. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.10.007