References
- Finkel RS, Mercuri E, Darras BT, Connolly AM, Kuntz NL, Kirschner J, et al. Nusinersen versus Sham Control in Infantile-Onset Spinal Muscular Atrophy. N Engl J Med 2017; 377: 1723-32. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1702752
- Mercuri E, Darras BT, Chiriboga CA, Day JW, Campbell C, Connolly AM, et al. Nusinersen versus sham control in later-onset spinal muscular atrophy. N Engl J Med 2018; 378: 625-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1710504
- Stolte B, Nonnemacher M, Kizina K, Bolz S, Totzeck A, Thimm A, et al. Nusinersen treatment in adult patients with spinal muscular atrophy: a safety analysis of laboratory parameters. J Neurol 2021, 268: 4667-79. doi: 10.1007/s00415-021-10569-8
- Maggi L, Bello L, Bonanno S, Govoni A, Caponnetto C, Passamano L, et al. Nusinersen safety and effects on motor function in adult spinal muscular atrophy type 2 and 3. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91: 1166-74. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323822
- Hagenacker T, Wurster CD, Günther R, Schreiber-Katz O, Osmanovic A, Petri S, et al. Nusinersen in adults with 5q spinal muscular atrophy: a non-interventional, multicentre, observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19: 317-25. doi: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30037-5
- Wijngaarde CA, Brink RC, de Kort FAS, Stam M, Otto LAM, Asselman FL, et al. Natural course of scoliosis and lifetime risk of scoliosis surgery in spinal muscular atrophy. Neurology 2019; 93: e149-e58. doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007742
- Bortolani S, Stura G, Ventilii G, Vercelli L, Rolle E, Ricci F, et al. Intrathecal administration of nusinersen in adult and adolescent patients with spinal muscular atrophy and scoliosis: Transforaminal versus conventional approach. Neuromuscul Disord 2019; 29: 742-6. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.08.007
- Carrera-García L, Muchart J, Lazaro JJ, Expósito-Escudero J, Cuadras D, Medina J, et al. Pediatric SMA patients with complex spinal anatomy: Implementation and evaluation of a decision-tree algorithm for administration of nusinersen. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 31: 92-101. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.02.009
- Weaver JJ, Natarajan N, Shaw DWW, Apkon SD, Koo KSH, Shivaram GM, et al. Transforaminal intrathecal delivery of nusinersen using cone-beam computed tomography for children with spinal muscular atrophy and extensive surgical instrumentation: early results of technical success and safety. Pediatr Radiol 2018; 48: 392-7. doi: 10.1007/s00247-017-4031-6
- Wurster CD, Winter B, Wollinsky K, Ludolph AC, Uzelac Z, Witzel S, et al. Intrathecal administration of nusinersen in adolescent and adult SMA type 2 and 3 patients. J Neurol 2019; 266: 183-94. doi: 10.1007/s00415-018-9124-0
- Weaver JJ, Hallam DK, Chick JFB, Vaidya S, Shin DS, Natarajan N, et al. Transforaminal intrathecal delivery of nusinersen for older children and adults with spinal muscular atrophy and complex spinal anatomy: an analysis of 200 consecutive injections. J Neurointerv Surg 2021; 13: 75-8. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016058
- Cordts I, Lingor P, Friedrich B, Pernpeintner V, Zimmer C, Deschauer M, et al. Intrathecal nusinersen administration in adult spinal muscular atrophy patients with complex spinal anatomy. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2020; 13: 1756286419887616. doi: 10.1177/1756286419887616
- Mendonça RH, Fernandes HDS, Pinto RBS, Matsui Júnior C, Polido GJ, Silva A, et al. Managing intrathecal administration of nusinersen in adolescents and adults with 5q-spinal muscular atrophy and previous spinal surgery. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2021; 79: 127-32. doi: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0200
- Snoj Z, Salapura V. Ultrasound-guided transforaminal approach for nusinersen delivery in adult spinal muscle atrophy patients with challenging access. Muscle Nerve 2022; 65: 585-9. doi: 10.1002/mus.27518
- Hansson SO. Improvement principles. J Safety Res 2019; 69: 33-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2019.02.001
- Cordts I, Deschauer M, Lingor P, Burian E, Baum T, Zimmer C, et al. Radiation dose reduction for CT-guided intrathecal nusinersen administration in adult patients with spinal muscular atrophy. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 3406. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60240-x
- Racadio JM, Babic D, Homan R, Rampton JW, Patel MN, Johnson ND. Live 3D guidance in the interventional radiology suite. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007; 189: W357-64. doi: 10.2214/ajr.07.2469
- Towbin R, Schaefer C, Kaye R, Abruzzo T, Aria DJ. The complex spine in children with spinal muscular atrophy: The transforaminal approach-A transformative technique. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40: 1422-6. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A6131
- Shokuhfar T, Abdalla RN, Hurley MC, Nazari P, Ansari SA, Ajroud-Driss S, et al. Transforaminal intrathecal access for injection of nusinersen in adult and pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy. J Neurointerv Surg 2020; 18: 88-94. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1697583
- Nascene DR, Ozutemiz C, Estby H, McKinney AM, Rykken JB. Transforaminal lumbar puncture: an alternative technique in patients with challenging access. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39: 986-91. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A5596
- Kuznia AL, Hernandez AK, Lee LU. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: common questions and answers. Am Fam Physician 2020; 101: 19-23. PMID: 31894928
- Khalilzadeh O, Baerlocher MO, Shyn PB, Connolly BL, Devane AM, Morris CS, et al. Proposal of a new adverse event classification by the society of interventional radiology standards of practice committee. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017; 28: 1432-7.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2017.06.019
- Spiliopoulos S, Reppas L, Zompola C, Palaiodimou L, Papadopoulou M, Filippiadis D, et al. Computed-tomography-guided transforaminal intrathecal nusinersen injection in adults with spinal muscular atrophy type 2 and severe spinal deformity. Feasibility, safety and radiation exposure considerations. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27: 1343-9. doi: 10.1111/ene.14245
- Sehgal IJ. Anatomy, back, spinal meninges. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022.
- Oldenburg D, Guberina N, Stolte B, Kizina K, Stenzel E, Radbruch A, et al. Radiation exposure of image-guided intrathecal administration of nusinersen to adult patients with spinal muscular atrophy. Neuroradiology 2019; 61: 565-74. doi: 10.1007/s00234-019-02189-x
- Kizina K, Stolte B, Totzeck A, Bolz S, Fleischer M, Mönninghoff C, et al. Clinical implication of dosimetry of computed tomography- and fluoroscopy-guided intrathecal therapy with nusinersen in adult patients with spinal muscular atrophy. Front Neurol 2019; 10: 1166. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01166