Abstract
The necessity of identifying and detecting Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) agents has increased in recent years, as their detection is critical to addressing increasing global security threats. Advances in technology, the rise of bioterrorism, and the development of sophisticated weaponry have spurred the need for innovative detection methods. This paper reviews recent progress in CBRN detection, emphasizing the integration of advanced technologies such as ion mobility spectrometry, hyperspectral imaging, and biosensors. The role of nanotechnology in enhancing sensor sensitivity and decontamination processes is also investigated. A Web of Science analysis reveals a substantial surge in research activity after 2015, largely driven by global crises such as the Syrian Civil War, the COVID-19 pandemic and rising geopolitical tensions. The paper emphasizes the multidisciplinary approach to CBRN detection, incorporating fields such as analytical chemistry, nanoscience, and engineering.