Fig. 1
Archaeological sites distribution in the geologic map of Nakhon Sawan Province. Satellite data taken from ArcGIS® and geologic data modified from DMR (2007a).
Table 1
Location of Archaeological Sites in Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand.
| No. | Archaeological Site | Sub-district | District | Location | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Kiang Krai Temple | Kiang Krai | Mueang Nakhon Sawan | 15°44'24″N, 100°11'24″E |
| 2 | | Chom Khiri Nakprot Temple | Nakhon Sawan Ok | 15°40'48″N, 100°07'48″E | |
| 3 | | Khao Kop Temple | Pak Nam Po | 15°42'36″N, 100°08'24″E | |
| 4 |  | Pra Non Cave | Ban Dan | Banphot Phisai | 15°57'00″N, 99°52'48″E |
| 5 | | Khao No Temple | 15°57'00″N, 99°52'48″E | ||
| 6 |  | Dong Mae Nang Mueang | Charoen Phon | 16°01'12″N, 100°00'36″E | |
| 7 | | Khok Phraya Pao Kao | Samrongchai | Phaisali | 15°30'36″N, 100°40'12″E |
| 8 | | Mueng Apaisawi (Muengapaisali) | 15°31'12″N, 100°39'00″E | ||
| 9 | | Luang Pho Dam Temple | Khok Duea | 15°36'00″N, 100°38'24″E | |
| 10 | | Ban Khao Lo Archaeological Site | Don kha | Tha Ta Ko | 15°39'36″N, 100°29'24″E |
| 11 | | Khok Prasath | 15°38'24″N, 100°30'00″E | ||
| 12 | | Khao Din South Temple | Khao Din | Kao Liao | 15°49'12″N, 100°04'48″E |
| 13 | | Maha Phot South Temple | Maha Phot | 15°49'12″N, 100°04'48″E | |
| 14 | | Tha Sud Temple | Bang Prabang | Krok Phra | 15°39'36″N, 100°02'24″E |
| 15 | | Bang Prabang Temple | 15°37'12″N, 100°02'24″E | ||
| 16 | | Bang Mafo Temple | Bang Mafo | 15°36'00″N, 100°06'00″E | |
| 17 | | Nong To Temple | Hat sung | 15°30'36″N, 99°58'48″E | |
| 18 | | Koei Chai North Temple | Koei Chai | Chum Saeng | 15°52'12″N, 100°16'12″E |
| 19 | | Nong Pha Krot Nok Temple | Phan lan | 15°48'00″N, 100°15'36″E | |
| 20 | | Tham Noen Phraprang Temple | 15°49'48″N, 100°15'36″E | ||
| 21 | | Tham Pra | Tak Fa | Tak Fa | 15°17'24″N, 100°32'24″E |
| 22 | | Ban Phu Nimit | 15°18'00″N, 100°30'00″E | ||
| 23 | | Ban Phu Men Archaeological Site | Phu Nok Yung | 15°23'24″N, 100°27'00″E | |
| 24 | | Tham Pon Sawan Temple | Lam Phayon | 15°19'12″N, 100°34'48″E | |
| 25 |  | Ban Khok Chan Sen Museun | Chan Sen | Takhli | 15°07'02″N, 100°27'07″E |
| 26 | | Ban Ta Khli | Ta Khli | 15°14'24″N, 100°21'00″E | |
| 27 | | Ban Bo Din Khao | Phrom Nimit | 15°09'36″N, 100°25'48″E | |
| 28 | | Muenag Bon (Ban Nong Mai Den) | Tha Nam Oi | Phayuha Khiri | 15°25'12″N, 100°09'00″E |
| 29 | | Khok Mai Den Ancient Group | 15°24'36″N, 100°09'00″E | ||
| 30 | | Phrapang Lueang Temple | 15°25'12″N, 100°08'24″E | ||
| 31 | | Khao Kaew Temple | Phayuha | 15°27'36″N, 100°08'24″E | |
| 32 | | Ban Khao Bo Pub | Muang Hak | 15°22'48″N, 100°13'12″E | |
| 33 | | Sa Thale Temple | Sa Thale | 15°29'24″N, 100°09'00″E | |
| 34 | | Khok Sam Rit Archaeological Site | Khao Thong | 15°32'24″N, 100°10'12″E | |
| 35 | | Ban Khu Muang Museum | Nikhom Khao Bo Kaeo | 15°26'24″N, 100°16'12″E | |
| 36 | | Khao Sa Nang Song | 15°27'36″N, 100°15'00″E | ||
| 37 | | Ban Khlong Kradan | Ban Rai | Lad Yao | 15°55'12″N, 99°47'24″E |
| 38 | | Huai Thua Tai Archaeological Site | Huai Thua Tai | Nong Bua | 15°50'24″N, 100°28'12″E |
[i] Symbols: – temple, – evidence with natural site, – archaeological site, – museum.
Fig. 2
Archaeological sites in Nakhon Sawan.
a – Muaeng Bon Stupa, b – Ancient Buddha's Image in Khok Mai Den, c – Khok Mai Den archaeological site, d – Chan Sen Museum, e – SEMA (evidence of ancient temple) by volcanic rocks.
Fig. 3
Archaeological evidence in Nakhon Sawan.
a – ancient knifes and smelted steel artefacts, b – rock mortars-pestles for pharmacy, c – potteries and artefacts by clays.
Fig. 4
Geologic features in Nakhon Sawan.
a – the Chao Phraya River origin, b – Bueng Boraphet lake, c – rice field in a floodplain, d – Tham Phet-Tham Thong Cave, e – Khoa Nor Mountain, f – ancient temple evidence on the top of Khoa Nor.
Table 2
Classification and Assessment of the Geoheritage in Nakhon Sawan, Thailand.
| Area | Geodiversitya | Scopeb | Value | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rock | Mineral | Fossil | Landform | Landscape | Process | Other Resources | Science & education | Culture | History | Nature | Aesthetically | Tourism | Economy | Total | ||
| Chao Phraya river | – | – | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | S, W | Gm, Hd | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 35 |
| Bueng Boraphet | – | – | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | W | Gm, Hd | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 33 |
| Tham Phet-Tham Thong cave | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Fe | Gm, Sg, Sp | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 25 |
| Khoa Nor mountain | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | Gm, St, Sp | 5 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 32 |
a Gray 2005,
0 – none, 1 – very bad, 2 – bad, 3 – fair, 4 – good, 5 – very good, S – sand, W – water, Fe – iron deposite (skarn), St – structural site, Gm – geomorphological site, Hd – hydrogeological site, Sg – stratigraphic site, Sp – speleological site.
Fig. 5
Wat Phra Prang Luang archaeological site.
Fig. 6
The strategic planning technique used to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to the geoheritage and geotourism development in Nakhon Sawan Province.
Fig. 7
The interrelationships between the archaeological sites and geology for geotourism development in Nakhon Sawan.