Fig. 1
Study area (according to Urban Atlas 2012).
Table 1
The underpinnings of individual ecosystem services taken into account and source of data
Table 2
Public expenditure on the arrangement and maintenance of the Szachty area by years and institutions.
| Financing institutions | Costs (PLN) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | Σ 2013–2017 | Σ% | |
| City of Poznań – Rada Osiedla Świerczewo | 21,997 | 378,141 | 396,988 | 84,528 | 17,000 | 898,655 | 22.8 |
| City of Poznań – Rada Osiedla Fabianowo-Kotowo | 0 | 21,999 | 316,000 | 431,384 | 34,250 | 803,633 | 20.3 |
| City of Poznań – Zarząd Zieleni Miejskiej | 320 | 69,514 | 342,291 | 310,076 | 1,394,476 | 2,116,677 | 53.6 |
| Town of Luboń | 0 | 1,300 | 8,503 | 119,110 | 0 | 128,913 | 3.3 |
| Total | 22,317 | 470,954 | 1,063,782 | 945,098 | 1,445,726 | 3,947,878 | 100 |
[i] Source: On the basis of Rada Osiedla Fabianowo-Kotowo 2014, 2015, 2016, Rada Osiedla Świerczewo 2014, 2015, 2016, Zarząd Zieleni Miejskiej 2013, 2014a, 2015, 2016, 2017a, 2017b, 2017c, 2017d, Urząd Miasta Lubonia 2015, 2017.
Table 3
Public expenditure in 2013–2017 by type and costs.
| Type of expenditures | Costs | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| PLN | % | Σ% | |
| Permanent infrastructure | |||
| Pedestrian and bicycle paths with small architecture | 1,627,776 | 41.2 | 95.5 |
| Observation tower | 1,375,100 | 34.8 | |
| Renovation of culverts between ponds | 314,022 | 8.0 | |
| Remediation of ponds | 291,534 | 7.4 | |
| Lake jetties | 69,350 | 1.8 | |
| Viewing terraces | 40,000 | 1.0 | |
| Educational boards | 21,448 | 0.5 | |
| Barbecue area with small architecture | 18,696 | 0.5 | |
| Vehicle barriers | 8,950 | 0.2 | |
| Ongoing maintenance | |||
| Tree branch trimming | 72,141 | 1.8 | 4.6 |
| Cleanliness and order | 57,002 | 1.4 | |
| Tree cutting | 31,280 | 0.8 | |
| Symphoricarpos Duhamel plantation | 15,000 | 0.4 | |
| Removal of storm damage | 5,578 | 0.1 | |
| Total | 3,947,878 | 100 | 100 |
[i] Source: On the basis of Rada Osiedla Fabianowo-Kotowo 2014, 2015, 2016, Rada Osiedla Świerczewo 2014, 2015, 2016, Zarząd Zieleni Miejskiej 2013, 2014a, 2015, 2016, 2017a, 2017b, 2017c, 2017d, Urząd Miasta Lubonia 2015, 2017
Fig. 2
The examples of the investments made in the Szachty area.
(A) Pedestrian and bicycle paths with small architecture; (B) viewing terrace; (C) lake jetty; (D) barbecue area; (E) educational path; (F) vehicle barrier; (G) observational tower; (H) renovated culvert between ponds.
Table 4
Impact of public expenditure on the potential of the Szachty area for the provision of key ecosystem services.
| Ecosystem services (CICES v. 5.1) | CICES Code | Pedestrian and Bicycle Paths With Small Architecture | Renovation of Culverts | Remediation of Ponds | Observation Tower, Lake Jetties, Viewing Terraces | Educational Boards | Barbecue Area With Small Architecture | Vehicle Barriers | Tree Branch Trimming and Tree Cutting | Cleanliness and Order | Symphoricarpos Duhamel Plantation | Removal of storm damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Provisioning | ||||||||||||
| Wild animals used for nutritional purposes (non-commercial fishing) | 1.1.6.1 | → | ↑ | ↑ | → | → | → | → | → | → | → | → |
| Regulation and maintenance | ||||||||||||
| Filtration/sequestration/storage/accumulation by microorganisms, algae, plants, and animals | 2.1.1.2 | → | ↑ | ↑ | → | → | → | → | → | → | → | → |
| Hydrological cycle and water flow regulation | 2.2.1.3 | → | ↑ | ↑ | → | → | → | → | → | → | → | → |
| Maintaining nursery populations and habitats | 2.2.2.3 | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | → | ↓ | ↑ | → | → | → | → |
| Regulation of the chemical condition of freshwaters by living processes | 2.2.5.1 | → | ↑ | ↑ | → | → | → | → | → | → | → | → |
| Regulation of temperature and humidity, including ventilation and transpiration | 2.2.6.2 | → | ↑ | ↑ | → | → | → | → | → | → | → | → |
| Cultural | ||||||||||||
| Characteristics of living systems that that enable activities promoting health, recuperation or enjoyment through active or immersive interactions | 3.1.1.1 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | → | ↑ | → | ↑ | ↑ | → | ↑ |
| Characteristics of living systems that enable activities promoting health, recuperation or enjoyment through passive or observational interactions | 3.1.1.2 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | → | → | → | → | → | → | → |
| Characteristics of living systems that enable education and training | 3.1.2.2 | → | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | → | → | → | → | → | → |
| Characteristics of living systems that enable aesthetic experiences | 3.1.2.4 | → | ↑ | ↑ | → | → | → | → | → | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
[i] Impact: ↑ – stimulating; → – no relevant; ↓ – weakening.
Fig. 3
Affected ecosystem services by sections (A) and classes (B) of the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Haines-Young, Potschin 2018).