Analysis of the dynamics of coastal landform change based on the integration of remote sensing and gis techniques: Implications for tidal flooding impact in pekalongan, central java, Indonesia

Yulianto, Fajar; Suwarsono; Maulana, Taufik; Khomarudin, Muhammad Rokhis

doi:10.2478/quageo-2019-0025

Figures & Tables

Environmental conditions in one of the locations affected by tidal flooding in Mulyorejo Village, Tirto District, Pekalongan Regency. (Photos and drone mapping by Yulianto, 2017).A. Tidal flooding seen from a height of 50 m using drone mapping; B. Non-functioning road infrastructure and inundated houses; C. Community adaptation efforts in dealing with the impact of tidal floods by piling up soil, sand and stone in the yard of a house.

Landsat images were used to perform coastal landform mapping, consisting of analysis of multi-temporal changes in morphology for 1978 to 2017 in the study area.A. Landsat MSS 1978; B. Landsat 5 TM 1988; C. Landsat 7 ETM+ 2000; D. Landsat 5 TM 2007; E. Landsat 5 TM 2011; F. Landsat 8 OLI/TIR 2017.

The rate of subsidence (3 cm yr−1 on average) was obtained based on research by Nashrrullah et al. (2013). Inset are locations for Fig. 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.

The results of the dynamics of coastal topographical mapping and modelling for 1978 to 2017 in the study area.

The results of coastal landform mapping and change from 1978 to 2017 in the study area.

Fig. 6

The relationship between coastal landform profile and land use in the study area.

Landform coastal conditions in 2017 in the study area. The beach ridge, which has an important role as a natural embankment in coastal areas, has been changed into a flat area and is used by local people for ponds (Photo: F. Yulianto 2017).

Fig. 8

Comparison results for morphological and topographic condition change from DEM modelling between 1978 and 2017 on cross-profile 1 (P1–P1’) and their implications for vertical tidal flood distribution in coastal landform areas.A. DEM cross-profile 1 in 1978; B. DEM cross-profile 1 in 2017.

Fig. 9

Comparison results for morphological and topographic condition change from DEM modelling for 1978 and 2017 for cross-profile 2 (P2-P2’) and their implications for vertical tidal flood distribution in coastal landform areas.A. DEM cross-profile 2 in 1978; B. DEM cross-profile 2 in 2017.

Fig. 10

Comparison results for morphological and topographic condition change from DEM modelling between 1978 and 2017 on cross-profile 3 (P3-P3’) and their implications for vertical tidal flood distribution in coastal landform areas.A. DEM cross-profile 3 in 1978; B. DEM cross-profile 3 in 2017.

Fig. 11

Comparison results for morphological and topographic condition change from DEM modelling between 1978 and 2017 on cross-profile 4 (P4-P4’) and their implications for vertical tidal flood distribution in coastal landform areas.A. DEM cross-profile 4 in 1978; B. DEM cross-profile 4 in 2017.

Areas affected by flooding, such as agricultural land, residential areas and road networks in Jeruksari Village, Tirto District, Pekalongan Regency. (Source: Google Earth; CNES (the French space agency)).A. Environmental conditions pre-tidal flood, 22 October 2006; B. Flooded conditions during/post-tidal flood, 28 April 2017.

Comparison of settlement distribution located on coastal landform between 1978 and 2017 in the study area.(A) Settlement on coastal landforms in 1978; (B) Settlement on coastal landforms in 2017.

The estimated area of coastal landform change for 1978 to 2017 in the study area_

Coastal landform	Year
	1978 (ha)	1988 (ha)	2000 (ha)	2007 (ha)	2011 (ha)	2017 (ha)
Beach	9	15	21	25	17	14
Beach ridge	727	713	642	584	578	465
Backswamp	2324	2333	2336	2359	2364	2379
Alluvial plain	7763	7640	7495	7286	7260	7151

Elements of coastal landform classification in the study area_

Coastal landform	Elements of the coastal landform classification
Coastal landform	Colour	Texture	Size	Shape	Relief	Site	Slope	Land use	Association of features
Beach	bright white	smooth	narrow	elongated	flat/gently shelving	bordering the sea	0–3%	bare land	beach, beach ridge and back swamps associate to form a major landscape in the coastal region
Beach ridge	bright green	rough	narrow	elongated	undulating	parallel to the beach	3–8%	shrubs, bushes, croplands
Backswamp	blue	smooth	extensive	elongated/ long	flat	behind the beach ridges	0% (flat)	water
Alluvial plain	bright green, blue, red	rough	very extensive	elongated/ wide and long	flat/gently sloping	behind the back swamps	0–3%	various, dominated by settlements and paddy fields	the main depositional landforms bordering the coastal region

The estimate of the average rate area of coastal landform change for the year 1978 to 2017 in study area_

Coastal landform	Change area (ha)					Average change area (ha yr⁻¹) 1978–2017
	1978–1988	1988–2000	2000–2007	2007–2011	2011–2017
Beach	+6	+6	+4	−8	−3	+0.38
Beach ridge	−14	−71	−58	−6	−113	−6.72
Backswamp	+9	+3	+23	+5	+15	+1.41
Alluvial plain	−123	−145	−209	−26	−109	−15.69

Settlements and average area comparisons for coastal landforms for 1978 and 2017 in the study area_

Coastal landform	Year		Average area of increase (ha yr⁻¹) 1978 to 2017
Coastal landform	1978 area (ha)	2017 area (ha)
Beach	0.08	6.36	0.16
Beach ridge	25.24	66.11	1.05
Backswamp	99.54	396.90	7.63
Alluvial plain	1388.75	3962.76	66.01

Analysis of the dynamics of coastal landform change based on the integration of remote sensing and gis techniques: Implications for tidal flooding impact in pekalongan, central java, Indonesia

Figures & Tables

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The estimated area of coastal landform change for 1978 to 2017 in the study area_

Elements of coastal landform classification in the study area_

The estimate of the average rate area of coastal landform change for the year 1978 to 2017 in study area_

Settlements and average area comparisons for coastal landforms for 1978 and 2017 in the study area_

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