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The Emergence of Baltic Europe: An Overview of Polish Research on Regional Integration Cover

The Emergence of Baltic Europe: An Overview of Polish Research on Regional Integration

Quaestiones Geographicae
Volume 37 (2018): Issue 2 (June 2018)
By: ,   and    
Open Access
|Apr 2018
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

The delimitation of Baltic Europe: (A) catchment area of Baltic Sea, (B) Wizje i strategie… 1994, (C) Buchhofer 1997, (D) Palmowski 2000 – (a) core area, (b) extended area.

Source: authors own study based on the above mentioned publications.

Table 1

The timeline of Baltic regional cooperation.

YearsPolitical eventsForms of cooperation
NordicBaltic wide
Before 1973Denmark and Norway in NATO (1949)
Poland and USSR in COMECON (1949)
GDR in COMECON (1950)
FRG in NATO (1955)
Poland, GDR and USSR in the Warsaw Pact (1955)
FRG in EEC (1957)
Denmark, Norway and Sweden in EFTA (1960)		Nordic Economic Cooperation Committee (1948)
Nordic Council (1952)
Scandinavian Joint Committee for Economic Cooperation(1954)
Treaty of Helsinki (1962)
Nordic Council of Ministers (1971)		–
1973–1988Denmark in EEC (1973)
Finland in EFTA (1986)		Nordic Investment Bank (1976)
Nordic Economic Research Council (1980)		Gdańsk Convention (1973)
Helsinki Convention (1974)
Helsinki Commission (HELCOM, 1974)
Baltic Sea Tourism Commission (1983)
1989–2003The fall of the Berlin Wall (1989)
Unification of Germany (1990)
Dissolution of COMECON (1991)
Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact (1991)
Disintegration of USSR (1991)
The independence of Lithuania (1990), Latvia (1991) and Estonia (1991)
Sweden and Finland in EU (1995)		Nordic Environment Financing Corporation (NEFCO) (1990)
Multiyear cooperation plans
Several tens of organisations coordinating Nordic integration		INTERREG (1989)
Baltic Sea Declaration (1990)
Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference (since 1991)
Union of the Baltic Cities (1991)
Baltic Ports Organisation (1991)
The Baltic University Programme (1991)
Ars Baltica (1991)
Update of Helsinki Convention (1992)
Council of the Baltic Sea States (1992)
Baltic Sea Chambers of Commerce (1992)
VASAB 2010 (1992)
Baltic Sea Forum (1992)
Social Hansa (1992)
Baltic Sea States Subregional Co-operation (BSSSC) conference (1993)
Agenda 21 for the Baltic Sea Region (1996)
Baltic Sea Region Energy Cooperation (1998)
Baltic Sea Trade Union Network (1999)
Baltic Development Forum (1999)
Baltic wide programmes (INTERREG II)
After 2004Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in EU (2004)
EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (2009)		Nordic Defence Cooperation (2009)Baltic Metropoles Network (2002)
International Baltic projects (e.g. Matros, USUN)
INTERREG Baltic Sea Region Programme (2007–2013, 2014–2020)

[i] Source: own study.

Table 2

Baltic integrations research themes in the years 1971–2016 and selected subject literature.

Subject areasMain study lines and selected works
Scandinavian and Baltic wide aspects – regional synthetic approach – comprehensive analysis of the natural environment and/or social and economic aspects, the process and perspectives of Baltic integrationGeneral geographic characteristics of the region Łomniewski, Mańkowski, Zaleski 1975; Zaleski, Wojewódka 1977; Groth (ed.) 2002; Waśniewska 2013; Michalski 2014.
Baltic region potential and development trends Jałowiecki (ed.) 1992; Zaleski 1993a, 1993b; Ćwikliński, Owsiński (eds) 1994; Ciesielski (ed.) 1995; Kukliński (ed.) 1995, 1997; Owsiński, Stępniak (eds) 1997; Kisiel-Łowczyc 2000; Palmowski 2000; Pacuk (ed.) 2001; Wendt (ed.) 2001; Palmowski, Pacuk (eds) 2004; Palmowski (ed.) 2006; Rossa-Kilian 2006, 2009; Europa Bałtycka 2010; Parteka (ed.) 2010; Grzela 2010; Runiewicz-Jasińska 2012; Śmigerska-Belczak 2014.
Further integration perspectives Parteka, Dutkowski, Toczyski, Turek 1992; Kołodziejski, Parteka (eds) 1993; Parteka 2005.
The development of Scandinavian countries and the nature of their relations with PolandCieślak at al. 1971; Makać 1972; Niemotko 1972; Frątczak 1974; Sulimierski 1977; Krawczyk 1978; Klepacki, Ławniczak 1976; Jaworski 1991; Popiński 1989; Doliwa-Klepacki 1996; Szymański (ed.) 2000; Czarny 2016a, 2016b.
The state of the Baltic Sea natural environmentBaltic Sea Environment Proceedings 1980–2017.
Legal aspects of Baltic cooperation, including environmental protectionBaltic cooperation legal environment Gelberg 1976, 1981; Góralczyk 1978; Gilas (1996); Łukaszuk 1997.
Environmental protection legal conditions Brodecki, Żmudziński (eds) 1997; Krzyżanowski 1993; Łukaszuk 1991; Tomala 2011.
Transit location of Poland and the development of ferry shipping on the Baltic SeaSójka 1973; Chlebionek 1985; Drzemczewski 1986; Wojewódka 1989; Pacuk 1997; Mańkowska 2010, 2011; Urbanyi-Popiołek 2013, 2014, 2015; Wiśniewski 2016.
The developments of ports and maritime trade among Baltic Europe CountriesZaleski 1974, 1980; Tubielewicz 1970; Grzywaczewski 1990; Andruszkiewicz 1993;Grzelakowski 2010; Czermański 2015.
Development of tourismToczyski, Lendzion, Zaucha 2007; Studzieniecki 2009; Grzybowski 2011; Palmowski 2011; Kizielewicz 2012; Skrzeszewska 2012.
Cooperation with the Kaliningrad Oblast, Russian FederationCooperation environment, progress and perspectives Kulesza 2003; Palmowski, Fiodorov, Korneevets (eds) 2003; Żukowski (ed.) 2004; Palmowski (ed.) 2007; Fiodorov Korneevets, Zverev 2011; Żukowski, Kotowicz 2011; Chełminiak, Kotowicz 2012; Palmowski 2013; Anisiewicz, Palmowski 2016.
Consequences of introducing small border traffic Dudzińska, Dyner 2013; Anisiewicz, Palmowski 2014; Domaniewski, Studzińska 2016.
Spatial planningToczyski (ed.) 1998, 1999; Zaucha 2007, 2014a, 2014b.
Regional security and defence cooperationJaworski 1978; Michałowski 1998; Kozakiewicz 2003; Szubrycht 2010; Bucałowski, Kadukowski 2013; Pacuła 2013.
Historical and cultural integration environmentGoliński (ed.) 1993; Maciejewski (ed.) 2002; Waldziński 2010; Horyzonty Balticum 2015.

[i] Source: own study.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2018-0013 | Journal eISSN: 2081-6383 | Journal ISSN: 2082-2103 (formerly 0137-477X)
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Language: English
Page range: 47 - 60
Submitted on: Apr 18, 2017
Published on: Apr 26, 2018
Published by: Adam Mickiewicz University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
Baltic Europe,
Baltic Region,
Baltic Sea Region,
regional integration,
literature review
Related subjects:
Geosciences,
Geography

© 2018 Małgorzata Pacuk, Tadeusz Palmowski, Maciej Tarkowski, published by Adam Mickiewicz University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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