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Deterministic Quantum Key Distribution with Untrusted Relay and Finite Sources Cover

Deterministic Quantum Key Distribution with Untrusted Relay and Finite Sources

Quantum Information & Computation
Volume 25 (2025): Issue 5 (December 2025)
By: Guo-Dong Kang,  Li-Jun Zhang,  Xiao-Lu Wu,  Qing-Ping Zhou and  Mao-Fa Fang  
Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Schematic illustration of the UR-DQKD Classic.
Schematic illustration of the UR-DQKD Classic.

Figure 2.

As a function of the transmission distance LAB between Alice and Bob. We simulate the lower bounds of the finite-key-rate Kfinite in three cases: (N =108) green-solid-line, (N =1010) blue-solid-line, and (N = 1012) red-solid-line, QEM = 1.5%, ηE = 14.5%; (N = 108) green-dash-dotted-line, (N = 1010) blue-dash-dotted-line, and (N = 1012) red-dash-dotted-line, QEM = 5%, ηE = 14.5%.
As a function of the transmission distance LAB between Alice and Bob. We simulate the lower bounds of the finite-key-rate Kfinite in three cases: (N =108) green-solid-line, (N =1010) blue-solid-line, and (N = 1012) red-solid-line, QEM = 1.5%, ηE = 14.5%; (N = 108) green-dash-dotted-line, (N = 1010) blue-dash-dotted-line, and (N = 1012) red-dash-dotted-line, QEM = 5%, ηE = 14.5%.

Figure 3.

As a function of the transmission distance LAB between Alice and Bob. We take a brief comparison of the performance of the UR-DQKD with that of the current DQKD such as the LM05 [15] and the MDIQKD [32].
As a function of the transmission distance LAB between Alice and Bob. We take a brief comparison of the performance of the UR-DQKD with that of the current DQKD such as the LM05 [15] and the MDIQKD [32].

Experimental parameters of today’s QKD technology_

β(dB/km)QEMϒ0ηEfECεPE
0.21.5%∽5%8 × 10−814.5% ∽ 45%1.1510−8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/qic-2025-0029 | Journal eISSN: 3106-0544 | Journal ISSN: 1533-7146
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Language: English
Page range: 542 - 551
Submitted on: Apr 9, 2025
|
Accepted on: Oct 13, 2025
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Published on: Dec 31, 2025
Published by: Cerebration Science Publishing Co., Limited
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Deterministic Quantum Key Distribution,
Untrusted Relay,
Finite Sources
Related subjects:
Physics,
Quantum physics,
Mathematics,
Applied mathematics,
Computer sciences,
Computer sciences in the humanities,
Computer sciences,
Computer sciences in natural sciences

© 2025 Guo-Dong Kang, Li-Jun Zhang, Xiao-Lu Wu, Qing-Ping Zhou, Mao-Fa Fang, published by Cerebration Science Publishing Co., Limited
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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