Child Mortality Trends and in Association with Macroeconomic Factors in the Baltic States (2008–2018)

Child mortality indicators have historically been high in the Baltic States, and have decreased substantially over the last two decades, with the most rapid decline observed in Estonia. Prior research suggests there may be economic factors contributing to this. The primary objective of this study was to expand on the previous research by investigating the relationship between age specific child mortality indicators and macroeconomic indicators with the intent of developing a better understanding of the possible short- and long-term effects of global economic downturn on child mortality in the Baltics. Analysis was performed for the years 2008 to 2018, focusing on the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008. Significant associations were found for GDP and under-5 and 5–14 mortality in all Baltic States. Healthcare expenditure was associated with lower under-5 and 5–4 mortality in Estonia, but higher under-5 mortality in Latvia. Unemployment was associated with higher under-5 and 5–4 mortality in Lithuania. Factors related to healthcare spending policies in Estonia may have been a major factor in the country’s success in rapidly decreasing child mortality.