Experimental Identification of the Energy Cogeneration Process of a Miniature Hybrid System with a Wind Turbine and a Reversible PEM Fuel Cell – the Sankey Diagram
References
- Ahmadi P, Dincer I, Rosen MA. Thermodynamic modeling and multiobjective evolutionary-based optimization of a new multigeneration energy system. Energy Conversion and Management 2013, vol. 76, pp. 282-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.07.049
- Buljan A. Offshore wind turbines in 2023. January 2, 2024. Retrieved from https://www.offshorewind.biz.
- Cetin MA, Bakirtas I. The long-run environmental impacts of economic growth, financial development, and energy consumption: Evidence from emerging markets. Energy Environment 2020, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 634-655. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X19882373
- Chen YP, Bashir S, Liu JL. Nanostructured materials for next-generation energy storage and conversion. hydrogen production, storage, and utilization. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg; 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-5
- Enevoldsen P, Jacobson MZ. Data investigation of installed and output power densities of onshore and offshore wind turbines worldwide. Energy for Sustainable Development 2021, vol. 60, pp. 40-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2020.11.004
- Eriksson E, Gray EM. Optimization and integration of hybrid renewable energy hydrogen fuel cell energy systems—A critical review. Applied Energy 2017, vol. 202, pp. 348-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.132
- Hajiaghasi S, Salemnia A, Hamzeh M. Hybrid energy storage system for microgrids applications: A review. Journal of Energy Storage 2019, vol. 21, pp. 543-570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2018.12.017
- Khan PW, et al. Machine learning-based approach to predict energy consumption of renewable and non-renewable power sources. Energies 2020, vol. 13, no. 18, p. 4870. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184870.
- Khan MJ, Iqbal MT. Dynamic modeling and simulation of a small wind–fuel cell hybrid energy system. Renewable Energy 2005, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 421-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2004.05.013
- Korczewski Z, Marszałkowski K. Energy analysis of propulsion shaft fatigue process in rotating mechanical system. Part III. Dimensional analysis. Polish Maritime Research 2021, vol. 28, no. 2(110), pp. 72-77. https://doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2021-0023
- Korczewski Z, Rudnicki J. Active diagnostic experimentation on wind turbine blades with vibration measurements and analysis. Polish Maritime Research 2024, vol. 31, no. 3(123), pp. 126-134. https://doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2024-0042
- Letcher TM. Wind energy engineering: A handbook for onshore and offshore wind turbines. Academic Press, Elsevier Inc; 2017.
- Li F, Sajid Bashir S, Liu JL. Nanostructured materials for next-generation energy storage and conversion. Fuel cells. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg; 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56364-9
- Manwell JF, McGowan JG, Rogers AL. Wind energy explained: Theory, design and application. John Wiley & Sons; 2009. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119994367
- Márquez GFP, Tobias AM, Pérez JMP, Papaelias M. Condition monitoring of wind turbines: Techniques and methods. Renewable Energy 2012, vol. 46, pp. 169-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene
- McMillan D, Ault GW. Quantification of condition monitoring benefit for offshore wind turbines. Wind Engineering 2007, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 267-285. https://doi.org/10.1260/030952407783123060
- Nelson DB, Nehrir MH, Wang C. Unit sizing and cost analysis of standalone hybrid wind/PV/fuel cell power generation systems. Renewable Energy 2006, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 1641-1656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2005.08.031
- Nfaoui H, et al. Modelling of a wind/diesel system with battery storage for Tangiers, Morocco. Renewable Energy 1994, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 155-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(94)90001-9
- Okedu KE. Stability control and reliable performance of wind turbines. IntechOpen; 2018. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72160
- Okedu KE, Tahour A, Aissaoui AG. Wind solar hybrid renewable energy system. IntechOpen; 2020. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77440
- Pearce F. Confessions of an eco-sinner: Tracking down the sources of my stuff. Boston: Beacon Press; 2008.
- Roy A, Kedare SB, Bandyopadhyay S. Application of design space methodology for optimum sizing of wind–battery systems. Applied Energy 2009, vol. 86, no. 12, pp. 2690-2703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.04.032
- Sagbansua L, Balo F. Decision making model development in increasing wind farm energy efficiency. Renewable Energy 2017, vol. 109, pp. 354-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.03.045
- Sami S, Cango C, Edwin Marin E. Dynamic simulation of fuel cell driven by wind turbine using Simulink/Matlab approach. International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy. Special Issue: Hybrid Systems for Power Generation in Remote Areas 2020, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200901.11
- Santoso S, Le HT. Fundamental time–domain wind turbine models for wind power studies. Renewable Energy 2007, vol. 32, no. 14, pp. 2436-2452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2006.12.008
- Ulleberg Ř. Modeling of advanced alkaline electrolyzers: A system simulation approach. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2003, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00033-2
- Williams MC, Strakey JP, Singhal SC. US Distributed generation fuel cell program. Journal of Power Sources 2004, vol. 131, nos. 1–2, pp. 79-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.01.021
- Wrzask K, Kołakowska A, Jasik P, Syty P, Dembski J, Wiszniewski B. SCADA-based offshore wind turbine monitoring: A review of methods of addressing marine environmental challenges. Polish Maritime Research 2025, vol. 32, no. 4(128), pp. 187-194. https://doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2025-0061
- Wu B, Lang Y, Zargari N, Kouro S. Power conversion and control of wind energy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2011. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118029008
- Yang WJ, Aydin O. Wind energy–hydrogen storage hybrid power generation. International Journal of Energy Research 2001, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 449-463. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.696
- Zahedi R, Ahmadi A, Sadeh M. Investigation of the load management and environmental impact of the hybrid cogeneration of the wind power plant and fuel cell. Energy Reports 2021, no. 7, pp. 2930-2939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.05.008
- Zobaa AF. Energy storage—Technologies and application. IntechOpen; 2013. https://doi.org/10.5772/2550
- Siemens Gamesa’s ground-breaking pilot project hits key milestone as first green hydrogen is delivered to zero emission vehicles. Retrieved from https://www.siemensgamesa.com.
- How much energy is required for the production of wind turbine components. Retrieved from https://windmillstech.com.
- The NoviOcean Hybrid Energy Converter (HEC). Retrieved from https://noviocean.energy.
- Siemens Gamesa tests hydrogen production from wind turbine in ‘island mode’. Retrieved from https://www.powersystemsuk.co.uk.
Language: English
Page range: 167 - 177
Published on: May 6, 2026
Published by: Gdansk University of Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Related subjects:
© 2026 Zbigniew Korczewski, published by Gdansk University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.