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        <title>Polish Maritime Research Feed</title>
        <link>https://reference-global.com/journal/POMR</link>
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            <title>Polish Maritime Research Feed</title>
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        <copyright>All rights reserved 2026, Gdansk University of Technology</copyright>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ERRATUM TO: Ensemble Machine Learning and Simulated Annealing for Behaviour Prediction of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Dimethyl Ether]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0046</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ERRATUM TO: Development of a Model to Identify Oil Spills Using Supervised Deep Learning for Semantic Segmentation Using DeepLabV3-MobileNetV3]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0047</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Effects of Colour, Lighting, and Spatial Scale on Physiological and Perceived Comfort in Immersive Virtual Interior Environments: Case Study of a Superyacht]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0044</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0044</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study examines the effects of three environmental design variables, namely colour, lighting, and spatial volume, on users’ physiological and perceptual responses within immersive virtual interior environments, through a case study of the interior of a superyacht. Although researchers have explored each of these factors individually, studies of their combined influence on both physiological and subjective responses remain limited, particularly within the context of maritime interiors. To address this research gap, 40 participants with prior maritime experience were asked to evaluate 18 virtual reality scenarios involving different configurations of colour, lighting, and spatial volume. Physiological responses in the form of heart rate were measured using electrocardiography (ECG), while perceived livability ratings were collected simultaneously. The results indicated that colour significantly influenced both physiological and perceptual responses. Warm colour schemes increased physiological arousal, whereas natural colour tones were associated with higher preference ratings, particularly within larger spatial volumes. No strong independent effects were found for lighting and spatial volume, but these contributed through their interactions with colour. The findings of this research highlight the importance of considering both physiological and perceptual measures when evaluating environmental designs. A VR-based evaluation framework is presented that integrates both physiological and perceptual measures, representing a practical methodology for user-centred decision making in maritime interior design and early-stage ship design practice.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Numerical Investigation of Galvanic Corrosion Behaviour in Ship Shafting Systems Considering Rotational Hydrodynamic Coupling Effects]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0042</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Galvanic corrosion in shafting systems, which are composed of dissimilar metallic components such as propellers, shafts, and stern structures, poses a significant threat to the structural integrity and operational reliability of ships. Conventional prediction methods typically rely on static electrochemical assumptions and neglect the rotational hydrodynamic conditions generated by the operation of the propeller, potentially leading to substantial underestimation of the corrosion risk in real operating environments. This study presents a coupled numerical modelling framework in which electrochemical potential field analysis is integrated with rotational-flow-induced mass transfer effects to evaluate galvanic corrosion behaviour in ship shafting systems. The electrochemical potential distribution in seawater is solved using a boundary element method, while the hydrodynamic flow fields obtained from computational fluid dynamics simulations are incorporated by applying velocity-dependent limiting diffusion current density corrections to cathodic polarisation relations.A representative stern-shaft assembly consisting of a nickel–aluminium bronze propeller, stainless steel shaft, and carbon steel stern structure is analysed under both static and multiple rotational operating conditions. The results show that propeller-induced turbulent flow significantly enhances oxygen transport to cathodic surfaces, leading to increased galvanic current densities and localised corrosion intensification, particularly near the shaft–propeller junction. Under high-speed operating conditions, the corrosion current density in critical regions increases by approximately 92–150% compared with static predictions. The modelling approach proposed here provides a realistic prediction tool for corrosion risk assessment, and offers engineering guidance for cathodic protection design, material selection, and maintenance planning of marine propulsion shafting systems.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Dynamic Modelling of a Medium-Voltage Electrical System for Marine Gas Turbines]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0039</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0039</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Gas turbines are widely used as prime movers in marine power systems due to their high power density and thermal efficiency. With the increasing application of high-power gas turbine systems in the maritime industry, the modelling and dynamic characteristic analysis of medium-voltage gas turbine power systems have become increasingly important. This paper presents a nonlinear dynamic simulation model of a marine gas turbine medium-voltage AC power system, which was created in the MATLAB/Simulink platform using a modular approach. Load variation and multi-condition simulations were performed, and key indicators such as the generator terminal voltage, rotor speed, and grid frequency were analysed to reveal the dynamic behaviour of the system. The results show that the proposed model can reflect the dynamic operating process of a marine gas turbine power system. The control strategy adopted here can suppress the adverse effects of load fluctuations and external disturbances on the performance of the shipboard power grid, thereby improving the quality of operation. This work provides a basis for simulation and a theoretical reference for the design of marine gas turbine medium-voltage power systems.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Full-Scale Identification of Baseline and Extended Voith–Schneider Propulsion Models from Sparse Data]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0035</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0035</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the identification of low-order input–output models of a Voith–Schneider propulsion system based on a very limited set of full-scale data from a minehunter vessel. An analysis was conducted based on steady operating points at which data on the shaft speed, ship speed, hourly fuel consumption, and longitudinal blade setting angle were recorded. Using the measured values for the blade setting angle β and a monotonic mapping, an equivalent pitch ratio, h = (H/D)eq, was determined and introduced as a second coordinate of the propulsion state. A baseline model that depended solely on shaft speed was compared with an extended model that also took into account the equivalent pitch ratio. Both models were zero-dimensional input–output models and described the relationship between the propulsion setting and the vessel’s operational response. The quality of the model was assessed using leave-one-out cross-validation, prediction error metrics, and a resampling-based uncertainty analysis. The results showed that the baseline model had predictive usefulness for both ship speed and fuel consumption, whereas the extended model yielded more significant improvements in the representation of fuel consumption than for ship speed. These findings indicate that the equivalent pitch ratio is a physically meaningful model variable, although its predictive value depends on how clearly the effects of shaft speed and blade setting are separated in the available data. The paper also provides practical guidance for planning future research.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Numerical Investigation of Longitudinal Motion and Vertical Acceleration of SWATH and SLICE Vessels with Varying Strut Angles in Regular Waves]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0033</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[When designing small-waterplane-area twin-hull (SWATH) vessels, the main objective has been to maintain speed in rough seas while simultaneously providing adequate performance in head waves. Reduced motion and speed loss can be achieved for these vessels in stormy seas by minimising the draft and consequently reducing the wave-making resistance. One of the challenges faced in the design of SWATH vessels is that as the speed increases, the pressure variations around the hull can induce changes in trim, leading to longitudinal instability. Various solutions have been proposed to improve the heave and pitch motions of SWATH vessels and delay the onset of longitudinal instability, one of which involves generating and modifying the hull form. In this study, a reference hull form for a SWATH vessel is selected. By converting the twin-hull configuration to a four-sub-hull configuration and adjusting the strut angles, a new type of reference hull form can be obtained. Consequently, the SWATH vessel is transformed into a four-sub-hull vessel or a SLICE vessel with the same beam, displacement volume, and strut inclination. A numerical analysis of the heave and pitch motions of this vessel is conducted using StarCCM+ software, and the results are compared with those for the original SWATH vessel. The hydrodynamic analysis and investigation include the response amplitude operator (RAO) of the heave and pitch motions and vertical acceleration of the SWATH and SLICE vessel hulls in regular head waves, and are conducted using the finite volume method. The numerical results for the vessel motion are validated by comparison with experimental data in the literature. The findings indicate that the heave and pitch motions and the vertical acceleration of the centre of gravity for the new vessel are reduced compared to the reference vessel (except at certain frequencies). The proposed SLICE vessel with inclined struts can therefore considered a suitable choice for seakeeping performance under various sea conditions, due to the significant reductions in vertical acceleration and motion amplitude.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Experimental Comparison of Internal Excitation Techniques for Ship Roll Experiments]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0031</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0031</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[IThis study compares three methods of internal excitation that can be used for ship roll experiments. The methods are evaluated using two experimental setups: the first is a pendulum-based system designed to replicate a ship’s stiffness characteristics, while the second is a conventional general cargo ship model. Two of the three methods rely on shifting the model’s centre of mass. The differences in the response of the model under excitation are assessed, and a harmonic reference is used to compare outcomes across all methods. The results indicate that the primary distinctions between these excitation techniques are related to the variation in the response amplitude in relation to the change in excitation amplitude. When both performance and practical applicability are taken into account, the flywheel-based method is identified as the most viable and preferable approach.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Computational Analysis of the Performance of a Peripheral Thruster in Terms of Thrust Reduction and Unsteady Propeller Blade Loads at Non-zero Ship Speeds]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0036</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The analysis presented in this article focuses on two aspects of the performance of a peripheral thruster, namely the reduction in thrust and increase in unsteady propeller blade loads with increasing ship speed. The peripheral thruster is an alternative design for the side thruster for a ship that consists of two separate devices mounted on two sides of the hull, with retractable ducted propellers, as opposed to a standard side thruster design, which uses a tunnel across the hull structure and a single propeller. The peripheral thruster was developed as an alternative solution to enable safe manoeuvring of floating units in which standard tunnel thrusters cannot be used, for example because the hull shape does not allow for the installation of the tunnel. Previous scale model tests have confirmed the efficiency of the peripheral thruster under bollard pull conditions. This research explores other important aspects of the operation of the thruster, i.e. how the thrust changes with increasing ship speed, how the unsteady propeller loads behave at non-zero speed, and how the peripheral thruster compares to a standard tunnel thruster in terms of these features. Computational work was carried out using the STAR-CCM+ solver.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Optimisation of the Base Motion of a Vessel to Ensure That a Riser Follows a Planned Trajectory]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0043</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0043</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper introduces a spatial model of a riser and describes its application for determining the movement of a base (platform or vessel) in order to implement a planned path for the lower end of a riser. This scheme takes into consideration the fact that the lower end of the riser must bypass obstacles on the seabed despite the action of the marine environment (sea currents, hydrodynamic resistance, buoyancy forces, mass of added water). The task of determining the movement of the base is formulated as a dynamic optimisation process. As a result of this optimisation procedure, parameters are selected to characterise the functions describing the movement of the base at certain time points. These functions are then approximated by third-degree spline functions. A series of computer simulations is carried out for a riser with lower marine riser package and blowout preventer attached to its lower end. The riser is discretised by means of the lumped mass method. The proposed method is verified and validated, and can be used to determine the movement of a vessel when transporting a riser to a new position.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Data-Driven Prediction of Added Wave Resistance in Regular Head Waves at the Early Stage of Ship Design Using Multivariable Regression and Monte Carlo Sampling]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0034</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0034</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a data-driven empirical method for predicting the added wave resistance in regular head waves i the early stages of ship design. The proposed approach is based on a multivariable nonlinear regression model using nondimensional hull parameters (L/B, B/T, block coefficient), the Froude number, and the relative wavelength (λ/L). The model was developed using experimental data from multiple towing tank studies, consisting of over 1,000 measurements of cargo ships with various hulls. The framework combines least-squares regression with GRG optimisation, Monte Carlo sampling of nonlinear exponents, iterative elimination of statistically insignificant variables, and overfitting control. The resulting model demonstrates good predictive performance (R² = 0.93, r = 0.96, RRMSE = 15.7%) while remaining computationally efficient and easy to implement. An agreement analysis based on the Bland–Altman methodology and the concordance correlation coefficient confirms strong agreement between the predicted and experimental values, with no significant mean bias. The model also accurately reproduces the characteristic overall shape of the added wave resistance curve. Unlike more detailed methods that require fuller information on the hull form, the proposed model uses only nondimensional parameters that are typically available at the early stage of parametric design. This model is therefore intended to support preliminary assessments and comparisons of design variants within the range of hull forms and operating conditions represented in the experimental dataset, rather than to replace high-fidelity methods when detailed hull geometry is available.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Comparative Laboratory Investigation of Corrosion Processes in Welded and Non-welded Hull Steel Using Acoustic Emission Monitoring and Metallographic Analysis]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0041</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0041</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Corrosion degradation of cargo and ballast tanks in marine structures strongly affects the operational lifetime and safety of floating units. Welded regions, including the weld metal and adjacent heat-affected zone, are particularly susceptible to localised corrosion due to microstructural heterogeneity and electrochemical differences. This paper describes a comparative laboratory investigation of the corrosion processes in welded and non-welded hull steel using acoustic emission monitoring supported by metallographic analysis. Accelerated corrosion tests were conducted using a KE-2 corrosion tester and a controlled corrosive solution to simulate an aggressive tank environment. Acoustic signals were continuously recorded using a Vallen AMSY-5 system equipped with VS-75 and VS-150 RIC sensors, and metallographic examination using optical microscopy was performed to characterise the corrosion pit morphology. The acoustic results confirmed the detectability of corrosion-related activity in both configurations, with clear separation of corrosion signals from background noise. However, despite the similar overall character of the acoustic responses in both cases, metallographic analysis revealed significantly different corrosion morphologies: numerous shallow pits were distributed across the surface of the non-welded specimen, whereas the welded specimen showed localised intensification with deeper pitting near the weld interface. This indicates that although acoustic emission is effective for real-time detection of active corrosion processes, it has a limited capability to distinguish the spatial characteristics and morphology of corrosion damage without complementary analysis. This study highlights both the potential and the limitations of acoustic emission monitoring in the assessment of corrosion processes in welded marine structures.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Digital Twins for Metallic Additive Manufacturing in Marine Engineering]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0040</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0040</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The aim of this study was to explore the potential of using digital twins to enhance the accuracy and reliability of additive manufacturing under marine operating conditions. A comprehensive theoretical and analytical framework was developed for creating a digital twin for wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) in marine engineering, in which external destabilising factors were taken into account. It was found that without digital control, under conditions involving vibrations (0.2–3 Hz), temperature differentials of up to 500°C and platform instability, the risk of defect formation was increased. The numerical values reported here were derived from modelling results, a review of the literature, and analytical generalisation of published WAAM and digital twin data, rather than from new full-scale offshore experiments. The use of digital twins can enable real-time monitoring of parameters such as the wire feed speed (2–10 mm/s), arc power (300–1200 W), and feed angle (20–45°), thus allowing the heat transfer to be optimised and residual stresses to be reduced. Modelling-based synthesis and analytical generalisation of published data show that the implementation of this framework reduces the number of defective zones from 18 to four per component, decreases the energy consumption per part from 6.2 to 4.1 kWh, and improves the dimensional repeatability from ±0.9 to ±0.25 mm. Digital twins also allow the printing trajectory to be adapted to current conditions through integrated sensors and deformation modelling, thereby ensuring operational reliability on offshore platforms. The use of digital twins is therefore critically important for improving the accuracy, energy efficiency, and operational reliability of WAAM in marine environments.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Operational Behaviour of a Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber Using Hydrogen–Ammonia Fuel]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0038</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0038</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article describes a study of a tubular–annular combustion chamber in a 25 MW gas turbine operating on a hydrogen–ammonia mixture, with the aim of determining its energy and environmental characteristics. A novel approach was developed for modelling the combustion processes of this mixture under conditions where the gaseous fuel was premixed with an oxidiser in the channels of radial–axial swirlers within flame tubes. A detailed kinetic scheme for mixture combustion within the eddy dissipation concept framework was used in three-dimensional calculations of the combustion chamber. It was found that the range of stable operation, without the formation of a flame flashback zone in the radial–axial swirler channels, was defined by an ammonia content exceeding 50% (by volume) in the mixture. The main features of the working process in the combustion chamber with different compositions of the hydrogen–ammonia mixture were analysed. The results will be useful for the design of advanced gas turbine engine combustion chambers as part of decarbonised energy systems.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Digital Twin Technology for Marine Diesel Engines in Operation: A Review]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0037</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0037</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This review paper explores the role of digital twin (DT) technology in relation to marine diesel engines. These engines operate under variable loads, harsh environmental conditions and strict environmental regulations, meaning that traditional approaches to condition monitoring often prove insufficient. The use of DT technology can effectively address these challenges. For the purpose of this review, research and industrial papers on DT applications for marine engines published between 2017 and 2025 were considered. The framework for the analysis rested on five pillars, namely the physical asset, data collection, digital modelling, data processing and analytics, and user interface. The areas of focus covered thermomechanical loads, vibrations, fatigue damage, and emission control. Based on the reviewed publications, a SWOT analysis was performed to detect strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to the concept of DT for marine engines. A discussion is presented with a focus on technological maturity, key research gaps, challenges related to industrial adoption, and emerging directions for the successful adoption of DT.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Numerical Simulation of the Resistance Performance of a Fully Submerged Hydrofoil Catamaran with Cavitation Effects]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0032</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0032</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Cavitation restricts the maximum speed of a hydrofoil boat, and causes severe degradation of its hydrodynamic performance at high velocities. Most existing studies of hydrofoil catamaran design have been performed under non-cavitating conditions, leading to obvious discrepancies between predicted and practical performance. This work presents an efficient numerical framework based on adaptive mesh refinement for the simulation of cavitating flows around fully submerged hydrofoil catamarans. Hydrofoil cavitation analysis is used to determine the optimal layout of the strut and hydrofoil, and to validate the reliability of the cavitation model. A resistance analysis under cavitating conditions is conducted to verify the rationality of the flow-field setup, and to highlight the importance of cavitation research. The quantitative effects of the position of the stern hydrofoil on the resistance and cavitation characteristics are explored, and an optimal configuration is obtained to maximise the lift-to-drag ratio while minimising the cavitation area. This study reveals the cavitation mechanisms affecting hydrofoil catamarans and suggests some design guidelines for high-speed hydrofoil boats.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Offshore-to-Harbour Model Chaining for Floating Pontoon Sizing: Case Study of Larache Port]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0045</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0045</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Floating pontoons are widely used in ports and marinas due to their modularity, cost efficiency, and ability to accommodate variations in water level. In semi-enclosed basins, conditions are strongly controlled by harbour agitation, which depends strongly on local wave transformation processes including entrance diffraction, multiple reflections, wave interference, and basin-scale resonance. Directional wave information inside ports is often scant, and pontoon responses computed using frequency-domain boundary element method solvers typically involve spatially uniform forcing that may not accurately represent the actual excitation. This paper presents an offshore-to-harbour model-chaining framework for floating pontoon sizing and siting, combining TOMAWAC, ARTEMIS, and NEMOH. The framework is applied to the Port of Larache, Morocco, in three offshore sea states with increasing severity, corresponding to return periods of about four, 10 and 50 years. The results show pronounced spatial gradients in the in-harbour wave conditions, with significant wave heights ranging from 0.22 to 0.40 m and local maxima of about 0.55 m near reflective boundaries. These variations are found to be primarily controlled by the local wave conditions within the basin. The restoring stiffness for the mooring does not affect the relative ranking of candidate locations. A first-order sensitivity analysis of the offshore forcing, boundary reflection coefficients, spectral discretisation, mooring stiffness, incident-wave direction and pontoon geometry confirms that the relative ranking of the candidate locations is preserved under all tested perturbations. This framework establishes a link between offshore forcing, harbour-scale excitation, and structural response, thereby supporting more robust pontoon siting and design in semi-enclosed ports.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Pneumatic Air Compression Wave Energy Converter (PAC-WEC) for Low-Energy Wave Climates]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0020</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0020</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study describes the modelling, fabrication, and experimental evaluation of a magnetically levitated pneumatic wave energy converter (PAC‑WEC) designed specifically for low‑energy wave climates. A coupled hydromechanical–pneumatic model was developed to represent the motion of a magnetically levitated oscillating disc under regular wave excitation, the resulting air‑pressure variations, and the flow conditions at the turbine inlet. A fully 3D‑printed laboratory‑scale prototype was tested under 12 controlled wave states (H = 0.10–0.20 m, T = 0.25–1.50 s), yielding airflow velocities of between 3.54 and 11.12 m/s with strong sensitivity to the wave height and period. Through complementary computational fluid dynamics optimisation, an eight‑blade turbine configuration with a 180° flow orientation was identified as the most torque‑efficient design. Based on the measured airflow velocities, the estimated electrical power output reached approximately 3.6 W under short‑period, large‑amplitude wave conditions, whereas it decreased to about 0.12 W under long‑period, small‑ amplitude waves, with these two operational extremes corresponding to volumetric energy densities of roughly 227 W/m³ and 7 W/m³, respectively. The results demonstrate that the integration of magnetic levitation with pneumatic compression provides a viable, friction‑reduced conversion pathway for low‑energy seas and provides a validated foundation for the development of compact, near‑shore wave energy systems.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Experimental Identification of the Energy Cogeneration Process of a Miniature Hybrid System with a Wind Turbine and a Reversible PEM Fuel Cell – the Sankey Diagram]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0030</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The article addresses the key operation problem of complex power systems based on renewable energy sources – their irregular availability. This impels the need to search for effective methods of storing the energy generated in this way in various types of hybrid systems. One of the proposed solutions to this problem is presented in relation to wind energy, especially offshore, in which excess wind energy is used to produce, store and reuse hydrogen in a hybrid system with a reversible PEM fuel cell. The configuration of a laboratory test bed for such a system, built on a miniature scale, is presented, along with a developed physical model of the cogeneration process of various forms of energy worked out in it. It was the basis for designing and building a measurement and recording system for the observed standard parameters, which allows for experimental identification of the places where the greatest energy losses occur in the hybrid system under consideration. Based on the conducted model tests of the energy cogeneration process in steady-state operation, the streams of transmitted and transformed energy in the system were determined, using a calculation algorithm especially developed for this purpose. The elaborated Sankey diagram stands for the graphical interpretation and synthesis of the obtained calculation results. It distinguishes energy flow bands for the implemented basic (working) and additional (accompanying) processes. On the one hand, it is a useful tool for verifying the correctness of the selection of individual functional modules of the designed power system, and on the other hand, it supports the process of diagnostic reasoning about their technical health.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Load Analysis Method for Modernising the Propulsion of an Inland Pusher]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0022</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/pomr-2026-0022</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[New environmental and business requirements mean that inland fleets need to be renewed; however, replacing an entire fleet is generally difficult and expensive. The modernisation of existing vessels may be a viable solution, particularly as this approach is aligned with the requirements for sustainable development and resource conservation. This paper describes a method for assessing the propulsive condition of an existing inland vessel, with a particular focus on the load on the main propulsion system during navigation of empty and loaded ships. One example is an inland pusher vessel, which is subjected to a preliminary analysis here to assess the potential for modernisation. The process of preparing for measurement is described, and the difficulties involved are identified. The analysis is based on measurements of the shaft torque, power and the ship’s speed. The recorded values for the propulsion power, the rotational speed of the propellers and the ship’s speed are presented in the form of graphs as a function of time. The results are given as propeller curves for the domains of the ship’s speed and the rotational speed of the propeller. Based on this analysis of the data, it was found that the propulsion system of a twin-propeller ship is unevenly loaded, with a difference between the loads on the port- and starboard-side propellers of up to 21% of the rated power of the engine. The ship was found to be unable to reach its design speed when loaded with cargo, and barely exceeded 9 km/h compared to the expected 10.5 km/h. Several options for modernisation are proposed.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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