Physical Fields During Construction and Operation of Wind Farms by Example of Polish Maritime Areas
References
- 1. Andrew, R. K., Howe B. M., Mercer J. A., Dzieciuch M. A.: Ocean ambient sound: Comparing the 1960's with the 1990's for a receiver of the California coast, Acoustic Research Letters Online 3 (2), pp.65-70, (2002)
- 2. Andrulewicz E., Napierska D., Otremba Z.: The environmental efects of the installation and functioning of the submarine SwePol Link HVDC transmission line: A case study of the Polish Maritime area of the Baltic Sea, Journal of Sea Research 49, pp.337-345, (2003)
- 3. Andrulewicz E., Pelczarski W. Kuzebski E., Szymanek L., Grygiel W.: Fishery and new concepts of the use of sea space – an example of the Polish Maritime areas, Proc. Conf. ICES ASC, Bergen, 17-21.09.2012, (2012)
- 4. BALANCE (Baltic Sea Management – Nature Conservation and Sustainable Development of the Ecosystem through Spatial Planning): Towards an Assessment of Ecological Coherence of the Marine Protected Areas Network in the Baltic Sea Region, BALANCE Interim Report No. 25, (2007)
- 5. Buckingham M. J., Wave propagation, stress relaxation, and grain-to-grain shearing in saturated, unconsolidated marine sediments, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108, pp.2796-2815 (2000)
- 6. CMACS (Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies): A Baseline Assessment of Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Ofshore Windfarm Cables, COWRIE Technical Report EMF 01-2002 66. Birkenhead, England, UK, (2003) http://www.ofshorewind.co.uk/Assets/COWRIE_EMF_ Research_Report.pdf
- 7. Dietz R. S. & Sheehy M. J.: Transpacifc detection of myojin volcanic explosions by underwater sound. Bulletin of the Geological Society 2, pp.942-956 (1954).
- 8. Enger, P.S. Electroreception. In: D⊘ving, K. & Reimers, E. (eds.): Fish physiology, John Grieg Publishing, Bergen, Norway, (1992)
- 9. Francois R. E. & Garrison G. R.: Sound absorption based on ocean measurements. Part II: Boric acid contribution and equation for total absorption, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, pp.1879-1890 (1982).
- 10. GESAMP (Joint Group of Experts on the Scientifc Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection): GESAMP Reports and Studies, No.47, (1991)
- 11. Gill A.B.: Gloyne-Phillips I., Neal K. J., Kimber J. A.: The potential efects of electromagnetic felds generated by sub-sea power cables associated with ofshore wind farm developments on electricity and magnetically sensitive marine organisms – a review, COWRIE 1.5 Electromagnetic Field Review, (2005)
- 12. Ginalski A.: The network Natura 2000 on Polish Maritime areas, (in Polish), Konferencja Instytutu na rzecz Ekorozwoju, Warsaw, February 15, 2011 (2011)
- 13. IMGW: Atlas of the Baltic Sea, (in Polish) collective work edited by A. Majewski and Z. Lauer, Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej, Warsaw (1994)
- 14. IMGW: Southern Baltic Sea – annual characteristic of selected elements of the environment, (in Polish), Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Oddział Morski w Gdyni, (1987-2012)
- 15. Karlsson, L.: Migration of European silver eels, Anguilla anguilla. Orientation to the earth's magnetic feld and pulpmill efuents particularly in the Baltic, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis 745, pp.5-24, (1984)
- 16. Medwin H. & Clay C. S.: Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography, Academic, Boston, 1998MTBiGW (Ministry of Transport Construction and Maritime Economy): Map of potential places selected for location of wind farms in the exclusive economic zone, (in Polish)
- 17. Moller, P.: Electric Fishes: History and Behavior, Chapman & Hall, (1995)
- 18. Nakamura, T., Hirose, C., Hirose, R., Hirooka, S., Sasaki, H.: Observation of electric felds in the shallow sea using the stainless steel electrode antenna system, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C Vol. 31, Issues 4-9, 2006, pp.352-355.
- 19. Norton G.V. Novarini J.C.: On the relative role of sea-surface roughness and bubble plumes in shallow-water propagation in the low-kilohertz region, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, pp.2946-2955, (2001)
- 20. Nedwell J., Langworthy J, Howell D.: Assessment of sub-sea acoustic noise and vibration from ofshore wind turbines and its impact on marine wildlife; initial measurements of underwater noise during construction of ofshore wind farms, and comparison with background noise, Report No. 544 R 0424, (2003)
- 21. Otremba, Z., Andrulewicz, E.: Environmental Concerns Related to Existing and Planned Technical Installations in the Baltic Sea, Polish J. of Environ. Stud. Vol.17, pp.173179, (2008)
- 22. Poleo, A.B.S., Johannessen, H. F., Harboe, M.:. High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) seacables and sea electrodes: efects on marine life, University of Oslo, (2001)
- 23. Popper, A.N., Hastings, M.C.: The efects of anthropogenic sources of sound on fshes, Journal of Fish Biology, Vol. 75, Issue 3, pp.455-489. (2009a)
- 24. Popper, A.N., Hastings, M.C.: The efects of human-generated sound of fsh, Integrative Zoology, 4, pp.43-52, (2009b)
- 25. Potter J.R., Delory E “Noise sources in the sea and the impact for those who live there” Acoustics and Vibration Asia ‘98, Singapore, (1998)
- 26. Rochalska, M.,. The infuence of electromagnetic felds on fora and fauna, Medycyna Pracy 60, pp.43- 50, (2009)
- 27. Żygowska E.: Conditions for development of marine wind power industry in Poland, (in Polish), PSEW (Polskie Stowarzyszenie Energetyki Wiatrowej), I Międzynarodowy Kongres Morski w Szczecinie, 13 June 2013, (2013)
- 28. Ruskule A., Kuris M, Leiput. G. Vetemaa M., Zableckis S.: Ship trafc in the Baltic Sea and port development, Chapter in: See the Baltic Sea, Ed.: Sea in Baltic Environmental Forum – Latvia (BEF-Latvia), (2009)
- 29. Shields M.A., Woolf D.K., Grist E.P.M., Kerr S.A., Jackson A.C., Harris R.E., Bel M., Beharie R., Want A., Osalusi E., Gibb S.W., Side J.: Marine renewable energy: The ecological implications of altering the hydrodynamics of the marine environment, Ocean & Coastal Management 54, pp.2-9, (2011)
- 30. Slater M.,: The prediction of electromagnetic felds generated by submarine power cables, Oregon Wave Energy Trust, 0905-00-007, (2010)
- 31. Slater M., Jones R., Schultz A. Electromagnetic Field Study, Ed: Oregon Wave Energy Trust, (2010) www.oregonwave. org
- 32. SNBF (Swedish National Board of Fisheries):. Telemetriförsök med blankål vid HVDC polkabel (Telemetric try of detection of silver eels at HVDC cable), (1997)
- 33. South Baltic Program: South Baltic Ofshore Wind Energy Regions: Ofshore wind energy in Poland, http://www. southbaltic-ofshore.eu/regions-poland.html
- 34. Souza, J.J., Poluhowich, J.J., Guerra, R.J.: Orientation responses of American eels, Anguilla rostrata, to varying magnetic feld, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 90A, pp.57-61, (1988)
- 35. Stryjecki M.: Foundation for Sustainable Energy, Legal, political and infrastructural conditions for development of marine wind power industry in Poland, (in Polish), Konf. Morska Energetyka, Słupsk - 21 January, 2013, (2013)
- 36. Tesch, F.W., Wendt, T., Infuence of geomagnetism on the activity and orientation of eel, Anguilla, as evident from laboratory experiment. Aq. Ecol. Freshw. Fish. 1, pp.52-60, (1992)
- 37. Urick, R J.: Principles of Underwater Sound, 3rd Edition. New York. McGraw-Hill, 1983.
- 38. Wenz G. M.: Acoustic ambient noise in the ocean: spectra and sources, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34, pp.1936-1956 (1962).
- 39. Westerberg H., Lagenfelt I., Andersson I., Wahlberg M., Sparrevik E.: Impact of the SwePol Link on fsh and fsheries, Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management, (2007) (in Swedish and Polish)
- 40. Wiltschko, R., Wiltschko, W.: Magnetic orientation in animals, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, (1995).
Language: English
Page range: 113 - 122
Published on: Jan 31, 2015
Published by: Gdansk University of Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2015 Zbigniew Otremba, Eugeniusz Andrulewicz, published by Gdansk University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.