References
- Szalontai K, Gémes N, Furák J, Varga T, Neuperger P, Balog JÁ, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: epidemiology, biomarkers, and paving the way to lung cancer. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021;10(13): 2889. doi:10.3390/jcm10132889
- Al-Moamary MS, Köktūrk N, Idrees MM, Şen E, Juvelekian G, Saleh WA, et al. Unmet need in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Middle East and Africa region: an expert panel consensus. Respiratory Medicine. 2021;189: 106641. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106641
- World Health Organization. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jul 8]. 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-ob-structive-pulmonary-disease-(copd) (Access date: July 8, 2024).
- Raherison C, Girodet PO. Epidemiology of COPD. European Respiratory Review. 2009;18(114): 213–221. doi:10.1183/09059180.00003609
- Antariksa B, Bakhtiar A, Wiyono W. Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) pedoman diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan di Indonesia. 1st ed. Indonesia: Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia; 2023. p. 7–9.
- Lim S, Lam DC, Muttalif AR, Yunus F, Wongtim S, Lan le TT, et al. Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Asia-Pacific region: the EPIC Asia population-based survey. Asia Pacific Family Medicine. 2015;14(1): 4. doi:10.1186/s12930-015-0020-9
- Gershon AS, Hwee J, Chapman KR, Aaron SD, O’Donnell DE, Stanbrook MB, et al. Factors associated with undiagnosed and overdiagnosed COPD. European Respiratory Journal. 2016;48(2): 561–564. doi:10.1183/13993003.00458-2016
- López Varela MV, Montes de Oca M, Rey A, Casas A, Stirbu-lov R, Di Boscio V, et al. Development of a simple screening tool for opportunistic COPD case finding in primary care in Latin America: the PUMA study. Respirology. 2016;21(7): 1227–1234. doi:10.1111/resp.12834
- Au-Doung PLW, Wong CKM, Chan DCC, Chung JWH, Wong SYS, Leung MKW. PUMA screening tool to detect COPD in high-risk patients in Chinese primary care – a validation study. Plos One. 2022;17(9): e0274106. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274106
- Bastidas AR, Tuta-Quintero E, Arias JS, Cufiño D, Moya D, Martin D, et al. Comparison of the diagnostic performance of five clinical questionnaires for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Canadian Respiratory Journal: Journal of the Canadian Thoracic Society. 2023;2023: 1–8. doi:10.1155/2023/2821056
- Chung C, Lee KN, Han K, Shin DW, Lee SW. Effect of smoking on the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young individuals: a nationwide cohort study. Frontiers in Medicine. 2023;10: 1190885. doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1190885
- Nielsen AO, Lange P, Hilberg O, Farver-Vestergaard I, Ibsen R, Løkke A. COPD and smoking status – it does matter: characteristics and prognosis of COPD according to smoking status. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2024;11(1): 56–67. doi:10.15326/jcopdf.2023.0433
- Dugral E, Balkanci D. Effects of smoking and physical exercise on respiratory function test results in students of university: a cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(32): e16596. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016596
- Lutfi MF. The physiological basis and clinical significance of lung volume measurements. Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine. 2017;12: 3. doi:10.1186/s40248-017-0084-5
- LoMauro A, Aliverti A. Sex and gender in respiratory physiology. European Respiratory Review. 2021;30(162): 210038. doi:10.1183/16000617.0038-2021
- Mafort TT, Rufino R, Costa CH, Lopes AJ. Obesity: systemic and pulmonary complications, biochemical abnormalities, and impairment of lung function. Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine. 2016;11: 28. doi:10.1186/s40248-016-0066-z
- Park CH, Yi Y, Do JG, Lee YT, Yoon KJ. Relationship between skeletal muscle mass and lung function in Korean adults without clinically apparent lung disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(37): e12281. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000012281
- Jonas K, Kurzyna M, Mroczek E, Chrzanowski Ł, Mularek-Kubzdela T, Skoczylas I, et al. Impact of diabetes mellitus on disease severity and patient survival in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: data from the Polish multicentre registry (BNP-PL). Cardiovascular Diabetology. 2023;22(1): 177. doi:10.1186/s12933-023-01885-6
- Lee J, Kwon D, Lee Y, Jung I, Hyun D, Lee H, et al. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of diabetic lung. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(20): 7513. doi:10.3390/ijerph17207513
- Tantisuwat A, Thaveeratitham P. Effects of smoking on chest expansion, lung function, and respiratory muscle strength of youths. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2014;26(2): 167–170. doi:10.1589/jpts.26.167
- Tsukuya G, Matsumoto K, Fukuyama S, Crawford B, Nakanishi Y, Ichinose M, et al. Validation of a COPD screening questionnaire and establishment of diagnostic cut-points in a Japanese general population: the Hisayama study. Allergology International: Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology. 2015;64(1): 49–53. doi:10.1016/j.alit.2014.06.002