Fitness Apps Vs. Personal Trainers: User Perceptions, Preferences, and the Future of Digital Support in Physical Activity

Introduction. Although fitness apps are widely used, few studies have directly compared them with personal trainers from the user’s perspective. This study aimed to assess user perceptions of fitness apps versus personal trainer services, focusing on motivation, trust in information, and support preferences.

Material and methods. The study involved 501 gym members aged 18–50 years (M = 29.5, SD = 7.4) from Katowice, Poland. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire covering exercise habits, motivations, experiences with fitness apps and personal trainers. Statistical analyses examined gender differences and the perceived usefulness of different forms of training support.

Results. Health was the primary exercise motivation (52.3%), with gender-related differences. While 80.6% used fitness apps, only 1.4% viewed them as equivalent to personal trainers. Apps were valued for tracking progress, dietary monitoring, and affordability. However, most users felt they could not replace trainers due to lack of real-time feedback, technique correction, and interpersonal connection. Still, 30.5% saw potential in emerging technologies – especially AI – as future complements or alternatives.

Conclusions. Fitness apps are seen as supportive but not substitutive tools for personal training. While technology increases accessibility and autonomy in fitness behaviors, personalized, interactive coaching remains a key element of perceived training effectiveness.