Roars vs. Results: A Natural Experiment on Spectator Impact in Elite European Football Leagues
Authors
Maciej Jaguszewski
Calculation Department, Poznań University of Physical Education
Jan M. Konarski
Theory of Sport Department, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poland
Magdalena Lewandowska
Calculation Department, Poznań University of Physical Education
Tomas Maly
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Czech Republic
Bert B. Little
University of Louisville, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, United States of America
Robert M. Malina
University of Louisville, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, United States of America
University of Texas at Austin, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, United States of America
Language: English
Page range: 11 - 17
Submitted on: Oct 24, 2025
Accepted on: Dec 20, 2025
Published on: Jan 18, 2026
Published by: University of Physical Education in Warsaw
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Maciej Jaguszewski, Jan M. Konarski, Magdalena Lewandowska, Tomas Maly, Bert B. Little, Robert M. Malina, published by University of Physical Education in Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.