CFD-DEM simulation of raceway size and mechanical characteristics of industrial scale blast furnace

Gao, Yuzhen; Chan, Choon Kit

doi:10.2478/pjct-2023-0027

Abstract

The raceway plays a crucial role in ensuring the stable functioning of the ironmaking blast furnace. It is the key site where the chemical reaction of coke combustion takes place, providing the necessary heat and reducing gas for the upper iron ore reduction process. Consequently, the size of the raceway serves as an essential indicator of the blast furnace’s operational condition. In this study, a mathematical model for the raceway of an industrial-scale blast furnace was established. Extensive innovation investigations were conducted to explore the characteristics pertaining to the raceway’s size. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that both the particle size and the inlet velocity exert significant influences on the raceway dimensions. Specifically, the height of the raceway is predominantly affected by the particle size, whereas the inlet velocity predominantly influences the depth of the raceway.

References

Dong, X., Yu, A., Yagi, J.-I. & Zulli, P. (2007). Modelling of multiphase flow in a blast furnace: Recent developments and future work. ISIJ Int., 47, 1553–1570. DOI: 10.2355/isijinternational.47.1553.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hilton, J.E. & Cleary, P.W. (2012). Raceway formation in laterally gas-driven particle beds. Chem. Eng. Sci., 80, 306–316. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.06.044.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mathieson, J.G., Truelove, J.S. & Rogers, H. (2005). Toward an understanding of coal combustion in blast furnace tuyere injection. Fuel., 84, 1229–1237. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2004.06.036.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hatano, M., Fukuda, M. & Takeuchi, M. (1976). An experimental study of the formation of raceway using a cold model. Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 62, 25–32. DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.62.1_25.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Straka, R., Bernasowski, M., Klimczyk, A., Stachura, R. & Svyetlichnyy, D. (2020). Prediction of raceway shape in zinc blast furnace under the different blast parameters. Energy., 207. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118153.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhang, S., Wen, L., Bai, C., Chen, D. & Ouyang Q. (2006). The temperature field digitization of radiation images in blast furnace raceway. ISIJ Int., 46, 1410–1415. DOI: 10.2355/isijinternational.46.1410.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Li, W., Zhuo, Y., Bao, J. & Shen, Y. (2021). A data-based soft-sensor approach to estimating raceway depth in ironmaking blast furnaces. Powder Technol., 390, 529–538. DOI: 10.1016/j. powtec.2021.05.072.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Burgess, J.M. (1985). Fuel combustion in the blast furnace raceway zone. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 11, 6182. DOI: 10.1016/0360-1285(85)90013-9.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rajneesh, S. & Gupta, G.S. (2003). Importance of frictional forces on the formation of cavity in a packed bed under cross flow of gas. Powder Technol., 134, 72–85. DOI: 10.1016/s0032-5910(03)00136-0.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rajneesh, S., Sarkar, S. & Gupta, G.S. (2004). Prediction of raceway size in blast furnace from two dimensional experimental correlations. ISIJ Int., 44, 1298–1307. DOI: 10.2355/isijinternational.44.1298.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sastry, G.S.S.R.K., Gupta, G.S. & Lahiri, A.K. (2003). Cold model study of raceway under mixed particle conditions. Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 30, 61–65. DOI: 10.1179/030192303225009498.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhou, D.E.P., Guo, S., Zeng, J., Xu, Q., Guo, L., Hou, Q. & Yu, A. (2022). Particle-scale study of coke combustion in the raceway of an ironmaking blast furnace. Fuel., 311. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122490.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wei, G., Zhang, H., An, X., & Hou, Q. (2022). Effect of particle shape on raceway size and pressure drop in a blast furnace: Experimental, numerical and theoretical analyses. Adv. Powder Technol., 33. DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103455.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Li, X., Pang, K., Liang, C., Liu, D., Ma, J. & Chen, X. (2023). Particle attrition-breakage model for CFD-DEM simulation based on FRM and WPM: Application in blast furnace raceway. Powder Technol., 414. DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.118105.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wang, S. & Shen, Y. (2021). CFD-DEM modelling of raceway dynamics and coke combustion in an ironmaking blast furnace. Fuel, 302. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121167.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Xu, D., Wang, S. & Shen, Y. (2023). An improved CFD-DEM modelling of raceway dynamics and coke combustion in an industrial-scale blast furnace. Chem. Eng. J., 455. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.140677.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cundall, P.A. & Strack, O.D.L. (1979). A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies. Géotechnique., 29, 47–65. DOI: 10.1680/geot.1979.29.1.47.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tsuji, Y., Kawaguchi, T. & Tanaka, T. (1993). Discrete particle simulation of two-dimensional fluidized bed. Powder Technol., 77, 79–87. DOI: 10.1016/0032-5910(93)85010-7.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ding, J. & Gidaspow, D. (1990). A bubbling fluidization model using kinetic theory of granular flow. AlChE J., 36, 523–538. DOI: 10.1002/aic.690360404.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Garg, R., Galvin, J., Li, T. & Pannala, S. (2012). Documentation of open-source MFIX–DEM software for gas-solids flows. https://mfix.netl.doe.gov/doc/mfix-archive/mfix_current_documentation/dem_doc_2012-1.pdf
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Garg, R., Galvin, J., Li, T. & Pannala, S. (2012). Open-source MFIX-DEM software for gas–solids flows: Part I—Verification studies. Powder Technol., 220, 122–137. DOI: 10.1016/j. powtec.2011.09.019.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
van der Hoef, M.A., Ye, M., van Sint Annaland, M., Andrews, A.T., Sundaresan, S. & Kuipers, J.A.M. (2006). Multiscale modeling of gas-fluidized beds. Computational Fluid Dynamics. pp. 65–149.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hu, C., Luo, K., Wang, S., Sun, L. & Fan, J. (2019). Influences of operating parameters on the fluidized bed coal gasification process: A coarse-grained CFD-DEM study. Chem. Eng. Sci., 195, 693–706. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.10.015.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ku, X., Jin, H. & Lin, J. (2017). Comparison of gasification performances between raw and torrefied biomasses in an air-blown fluidized-bed gasifier. Chem. Eng. Sci., 168, 235–249. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.04.050.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wang, S., Luo, K. & Fan, J. (2020). CFD-DEM coupled with thermochemical sub-models for biomass gasification: Validation and sensitivity analysis. Chem. Eng. Sci., 217. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115550.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hou, Q. & Yu, D.E.A. (2016). Discrete particle modeling of lateral jets into a packed bed and micromechanical analysis of the stability of raceways. AlChE J., 62, 4240–4250. DOI: 10.1002/aic.15358.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhou, D.E.P., Guo, S., Zeng, J., Cui, J., Jiang, Y., Lu, Y., Jiang, Z., Li, Z. & Kuang, S. (2022). Particle shape effect on hydrodynamics and heat transfer in spouted bed: A CFD–DEM study. Particuology., 69, 10–21. DOI: 10.1016/j. partic.2021.11.009.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhou, D.E.P., Ji, L., Cui, J., Xu, Q., Guo, L. & Yu, A. (2023). Particle-scale modelling of injected hydrogen and coke co-combustion in the raceway of an ironmaking blast furnace. Fuel., 336. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126778.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

CFD-DEM simulation of raceway size and mechanical characteristics of industrial scale blast furnace

Abstract

Paradigm

My account