A Proof-of-Concept IoT-Enabled Digital Product Passport Application for the Smart Digital Circular Economy
References
- Abdel-Aty, T. A., Negri, E., & Galparoli, S. (2022). Asset administration shell in manufacturing: Applications and relationship with digital twin. IFAC PapersOnLine, 55(10), 2533–2538.
- Bento, A. C., Gatti, D. C., & Galdino, M. (2022). Results about the use of Oracle Application Express for IoT projects. In Proceedings of the XII International Conference on Virtual Campus (JICV) (pp. 1–5).
- Christensen, A., Stingl, V., Omair, M., & Wæhrens, B. V. (2025). Digital Product Passport in support of Data-Driven End-of-Use Strategies–a systems design perspective. Cleaner Environmental Systems, 100354.
- CIRPASS. (2024). Digital Product Passport. Retrieved from https://cirpassproject.eu/dpp-inanutshell.
- Colledani, M., Abdalla, A., Bernier, C., Wenning, R., Rukanova, B., & Kellil, M. (2023). Benchmark of existing DPP-oriented reference architectures. CIRPASS DPP.
- European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Breque, M., De Nul, L., & Petridis, A. (2021). Industry 5.0 – Towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
- European Commission. (2020). A new circular economy action plan: For a cleaner and more competitive Europe (COM(2020) 98 final). Brussels. Retrieved from https://eurlex. europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0098.
- European Commission. (2022). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for setting ecodesign requirements for sustainable products and repealing Directive 2009/125/EC (COM/2022/142 final). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52022PC0142.
- European Commission. (2025). Staff working document: Implementation of the Ecodesign and Energy Labelling Work Plan 2022–2024 (SWD/2025/112 final). Retrieved from https://eurlex. europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52025SC0112.
- Fielding, R., & Reschke, J. (Eds.). (2014). RFC 7231: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and content. Internet Engineering Task Force.
- Gheorghe, S. D. (2024). A review of the information technology and operational technology convergence using Internet of Things within the circular economy. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence (Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 829–845). Bucharest: Sciendo.
- Gligoric, N., Krco, S., Hakola, L., Vehmas, K., De, S., Moessner, K., Jansson, K., Polenz, I., & Van Kranenburg, R. (2019). Smarttags: IoT product passport for circular economy based on printed sensors and unique item-level identifiers. Sensors, 19(3), 586.
- Götz, T., Berg, H., Jansen, M., Adisorn, T., Cembrero, D., Markkanen, S., & Chowdhury, T. (2022). Digital Product Passport: The ticket to achieving a climate neutral and circular European economy? Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy. Retrieved from https://epub.wupperinst.org/files/8049/8049_Digital_Product_Passport.pdf.
- GS1. (2025). GS1 Digital Link. Retrieved from https://gs1.se/en/standards-and-services/gs1- digital-link.
- Hevner, A. R., March, S. T., Park, J., & Ram, S. (2004). Design science in information systems research. MIS Quarterly, 28(1), 75–105.
- Idhalama, O. U., & Oredo, J. O. (2024). Exploring the next generation Internet of Things (IoT) requirements and applications: A comprehensive overview. Information Development, 02666669241267852.
- Jansen, M., Meisen, T., Plociennik, C., Berg, H., Pomp, A., & Windholz, W. (2023). Stop guessing in the dark: Identified requirements for digital product passport systems. Systems, 11(3), 123.
- Jensen, S. F., Kristensen, J. H., Adamsen, S., Christensen, A., & Waehrens, B. V. (2023). Digital product passports for a circular economy: Data needs for product life cycle decisionmaking. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 37, 242–255.
- Khaw-ngern, K., Peuchthonglang, P., Klomkul, L., & Khaw-ngern, C. (2021). The 9Rs strategies for the circular economy 3.0. Psychol. Educ. J, 58, 1440-1446.
- Kubáňová, J., Kubasáková, I., Čulík, K., & Štítik, L. (2022). Implementation of barcode technology to logistics processes of a company. Sustainability, 14(2), 790.
- Kuhn, M., Baumann, M., Volz, F., & Stojanovic, L. (2025). Digital product passport design supporting the circular economy based on the asset administration shell. Sustainability, 17(3), 969.
- Kvet, M. (2024). Rapid application development and data management using Oracle APEX and SQL. In Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE 22nd World Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics (SAMI) (pp. 297–302). New York, NY: IEEE.
- Lopes, C., & Barata, J. (2024). Digital product passport: a review and research agenda. Procedia Computer Science, 246, 981-990.
- Mulhall, D., Ayed, A. C., Schroeder, J., Hansen, K., & Wautelet, T. (2022). The product circularity data sheet—A standardized digital fingerprint for circular economy data about products. Energies, 15(9), 3397.
- NGIoT. (2020). D3.1. IoT research, innovation and deployment priorities in the EU. Retrieved from: https://www.ngiot.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2020/09/D3.1.pdf.
-
Oracle. (2022). Understanding Oracle APEX. Retrieved from https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/apex/22.1/htmdb/understanding-oracleapex. html.
Oracle ( 2022 ). Understanding Oracle APEX . Retrieved from https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/apex/22.1/htmdb/understanding-oracleapex. html.
- Oracle. (2024). About APEX architecture. Retrieved from https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/ oracle/apex/24.2/htmig/about-apex-architecture.html.
- Oracle. (2025). Identifying performance issues. Retrieved from https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/apex/24.2/htmdb/identifying-performanceissues. html.
- Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M. A., & Chatterjee, S. (2007). A Design Science Research Methodology for Information Systems Research. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(3), 45–77. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742- 1222240302.
- Peter, O., Pradhan, A., & Mbohwa, C. (2023). Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): Opportunities, challenges, and requirements in manufacturing businesses in emerging economies. Procedia Computer Science, 217, 856–865.
- Plociennik, C., Pourjafarian, M., Nazeri, A., Windholz, W., Knetsch, S., Rickert, J., Ciroth, A., Lopes, A. D. C. P., Hagedorn, T., Vogelgesang, M., & Benner, W. (2022). Towards a digital lifecycle passport for the circular economy. Procedia CIRP, 105, 122–127.
- Rad, F. F., Oghazi, P., Palmié, M., Chirumalla, K., Pashkevich, N., Patel, P. C., & Sattari, S. (2022). Industry 4.0 and supply chain performance: A systematic literature review of the benefits, challenges, and critical success factors of 11 core technologies. Industrial Marketing Management, 105, 268–293.
- Robal, T., Reinsalu, U., Jürimägi, L., & Heinsar, R. (2024). Introducing rapid web application development with Oracle APEX to students of higher education. New Trends in Computer Sciences, 2(1), 69–80.
- SBS-SME. (2020). SME guide for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Retrieved from https://sbssme. eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/SBS-SME-IIot-Guide-2020_0-2.pdf.
- Shafique, K., Khawaja, B. A., Sabir, F., Qazi, S., & Mustaqim, M. (2020). Internet of things (IoT) for next-generation smart systems: A review of current challenges, future trends and prospects for emerging 5G-IoT scenarios. IEEE access, 8, 23022-23040.
- Tammet, T., Bernier, C., van Nieuwenhuijze, H., Eisler, R., & Saklampanakis, N. (2025). The simplest DPP System Proposal – A thought experiment. CIRPASS-2 Consortium. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15367064
- Verma, V. K., Ntalianis, K., Moreno, C. M., & Yang, C. T. (2019). Next-generation Internet of things and cloud security solutions. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 15(3), 1550147719835098.
- Wagner, E., Poppe, E., Lascho, T., Jäger-Erben, M., Baumgärtel, D., Osterwalder, M., Schlicht, H., Ahmeti, I., Lassaire, T., & Hoffmann, A.-L. (2025). Product information 4.0: Extension of legal information requirements for products and digital implementation by the example of energy-related products and textiles (Texte 58/2025). Dessau-Roßlau: Umweltbundesamt. Retrieved from https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/ product-information-40.
- Wagner, E., Rukanova, B., Bernier, C., Wautelet, T., Ayed, A. C., Böll, M., et al. (2023). D2.1 Mapping of legal and voluntary requirements and screening of emerging DPP-related pilots (Version 2.0). CIRPASS Consortium.
- Wagner, E., Schneider, A., & Bendzuck, K. (2024). Stakeholder consultation on key data. CIRPASS Consortium. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11112318.
- Wicaksono, H., Mengistu, A., Bashyal, A., & Fekete, T. (2025). Digital Product Passport (DPP) technological advancement and adoption framework: A systematic literature review. Procedia Computer Science, 253, 2980-2989.
- Wiesner, M. L. (2023). From component to product: Digital capabilities for the Digital Product Passport in the production sector (Master’s thesis). Enschede, The Netherlands: University of Twente.
- World Economic Forum, & Boston Consulting Group. (2021). Net-zero challenge: The supply chain opportunity. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/reports/net-zero-challengethe-supply-chain-opportunity.
- Ye, X., & Hong, S. H. (2019). Toward Industry 4.0 components: Insights into and implementation of asset administration shells. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 13(1), 13–25.
- Zaharieva, Z., & Billen, R. (2009). Rapid development of database interfaces with Oracle APEX, used for the control systems at CERN (Technical Report CERN-ATS-2009-101). Geneva: CERN. Retrieved from https://accelconf.web.cern.ch/icalepcs2009/papers/thp108.pdf.
- Zhang, Z., Gu, J., Li, R., Lian, W., Ma, C., & Tian, J. (2026). Bridging digital and green transitions: A literature review of digital product passport systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 228, 116600.
- Zikria, Y. B., Ali, R., Afzal, M. K., & Kim, S. W. (2021). Next-generation internet of things (iot): Opportunities, challenges, and solutions. Sensors, 21(4), 1174.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2026-0425 | Journal eISSN: 2558-9652
Language: English
Page range: 5734 - 5761
Published on: Jul 23, 2026
Published by: Bucharest University of Economic Studies
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Sorin-Daniel GHEORGHE, published by Bucharest University of Economic Studies
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.