Artificial Intelligence in Security: Balancing Institutional Efficiency and the Protection of Individual Rights

Artificial Intelligence has become the light-motif of the much-cited technological revolution, which will change society as we know it at a paradigmatic level. The Security and Law Enforcement Sector is one of the preferred fields for integrating these disruptive technologies. In this study, I will highlight the main levels of integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the security work toolkit, whether we are talking about detection, control, response or decision-making processes. Equally, the galloping dynamics of these technologies raise a series of challenges from the perspective of the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual. Thus, advantages such as reducing human errors or increasing predictive capabilities are countered by challenges/risks such as algorithmic bias or excessive surveillance. The levels of autonomy specific to AI-based systems are also considered, in order to increase the efficiency of the collaborative human-machine approach. Finally, the article highlights the need to build a regulatory framework that balances the efforts to innovate and optimize security systems with the imperative need to respect fundamental individual rights and freedoms. As AI becomes increasingly present in the security field, careful regulation and oversight of its use are essential to prevent abuses and guarantee responsible and transparent use.