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Newton–Raphson Method-based Power Flow Decoupling for Five-port Modular Multi-Active Bridge Converters Cover

Newton–Raphson Method-based Power Flow Decoupling for Five-port Modular Multi-Active Bridge Converters

Power Electronics and Drives
Volume 11 (2026): Issue 1 (January 2026)
By: ,  ,  ,  ,   and    
Open Access
|May 2026
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

MMAB converter topology. MMAB, modular multi-active bridge.

Figure 2.

Typical operating waveforms of the five-port MMAB converter. The waveforms are obtained with the following parameters: Vi = 24 V; Lσi = 1.4μH; Lmi = 600 μH; ni = 6 / 3; i ∈ {1,..., k}; ϕ1 = 0.149; ϕ2 = 0.039; ϕ3 = −0.003; ϕ4 = −0.068; ϕ5 = −0.118; P1 = 360 W; P2 = 120 W; P3 = 0 W; P4 = −180 W; P5 = −300 W. MMAB, modular multi-active bridge.

Figure 3.

Lossless equivalent circuit of MMAB converter. MMAB, modular multi-active bridge.

Figure 4.

Parallelisation of CPU1 and CPU2.

Figure 5.

Graphs of relative error of identification and identified inductance.

Figure 6.

AC Bus: (a) Original bus; (b) Low inductance bus.

Figure 7.

Block diagram of control system. MMAB, modular multi-active bridge; PI, proportional integral.

Figure 8.

Experimental prototype of the five-port MMAB converter: (a) detail of the DSP-based control board; (b) current and voltage sensing stage. MMAB, modular multi-active bridge. DSP, digital signal processor.

Fig. 9.

Experimental results: (left) load step; (centre) share factor change; (right) load release.

Single-core performance benchmarks of MabDec library_

Number of ports2345678
Decoupling time10.13 us21.24 us36.99 us59.58 us88.79 us123.63 us168.24 us
Function geninv()7.60 us16.84 us30.42 us50.19 us76.52 us108.63 us149.99 us

MMAB converter nameplate parameters_

Port #1Port #2Port #3Port #4Port #5Unit
Maximum power360360360360360W
Maximum current1515151515A
Nominal voltage2424242424V
Leakage inductance0.9020.8930.8530.8560.911μH
Magnetising inductance600600600350350μH
Transformer ratio6:36:36:36:36:3-
Port capacitance880880880880880μF
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pead-2026-0013 | Journal eISSN: 2543-4292 | Journal ISSN: 2451-0262
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Language: English
Page range: 202 - 215
Submitted on: Feb 26, 2026
Accepted on: Apr 21, 2026
Published on: May 25, 2026
Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
multi-active bridge converter,
power flow decoupling,
Newton–Raphson method,
DC microgrids,
real-time control
Related subjects:
Computer sciences,
Artificial intelligence,
Engineering,
Electrical engineering,
Electronics

© 2026 Tomáš Basarik, Tadeáš Kmecik, Daniel Gordan, Milan Lacko, Karol Kyslan, Anna Grinčová, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 11 (2026): Issue 1 (January 2026)
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