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Non-singular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control Integrated with Proportional Multi-Resonant-Based Controller for Multifunctional Grid-Tied LCL-Filtered Inverter Cover

Non-singular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control Integrated with Proportional Multi-Resonant-Based Controller for Multifunctional Grid-Tied LCL-Filtered Inverter

Open Access
|Sep 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Three-phase LCL-filtered GTI with the proposed control scheme. GTI, grid-tied inverter; HCC, hysteresis current controller.
Three-phase LCL-filtered GTI with the proposed control scheme. GTI, grid-tied inverter; HCC, hysteresis current controller.

Figure 2.

Steady-state waveforms of GTI (a) grid current (i2a, i2b, i2c) (b) load current (ila, ilb, ilc) (c) grid voltage (vga, vgb, vgc). GTI, grid-tied inverter.
Steady-state waveforms of GTI (a) grid current (i2a, i2b, i2c) (b) load current (ila, ilb, ilc) (c) grid voltage (vga, vgb, vgc). GTI, grid-tied inverter.

Figure 3.

Grid current (i2a, i2b, i2c) responses to the variation of reference grid current.
Grid current (i2a, i2b, i2c) responses to the variation of reference grid current.

Figure 4.

Fast Fourier transform of Grid-side current (i2a) for two different values of L2: (a) 20% decrease and (b) 500% increase. THD, total harmonic distortion.
Fast Fourier transform of Grid-side current (i2a) for two different values of L2: (a) 20% decrease and (b) 500% increase. THD, total harmonic distortion.

Figure 5.

Simulation results under distorted grid voltage conditions: (a) grid voltage (b) grid current.
Simulation results under distorted grid voltage conditions: (a) grid voltage (b) grid current.

Figure 6.

Load step change at t = 0.1 s. (a) load current (ila, ilb, ilc) and (b) grid current (i2a, i2b, i2c).
Load step change at t = 0.1 s. (a) load current (ila, ilb, ilc) and (b) grid current (i2a, i2b, i2c).

Figure 7.

Comparison of the proposed NTFSMC with ordinary SMC under step change. SMC, sliding mode controller.
Comparison of the proposed NTFSMC with ordinary SMC under step change. SMC, sliding mode controller.

Figure 8.

Fast Fourier transform of grid-side current (i2a) for Non-ideal DC voltage. THD, total harmonic distortion.
Fast Fourier transform of grid-side current (i2a) for Non-ideal DC voltage. THD, total harmonic distortion.

Figure 9.

Fast Fourier transform switching pulses (a) h = 2,000 (b) h = 1,000,000. THD, total harmonic distortion.
Fast Fourier transform switching pulses (a) h = 2,000 (b) h = 1,000,000. THD, total harmonic distortion.

Figure 10.

Non-symmetrical distortions in C phase. (a) non-symmetrical load and (b) sinusoidal grid current.
Non-symmetrical distortions in C phase. (a) non-symmetrical load and (b) sinusoidal grid current.

System parameters

System parameterSymbolValue
DC link voltageVd600 V
Grid voltageVg230 V (RMS)
Grid frequencyfg50 Hz
Sampling rate 0.2 μs
Inverter-side inductanceL11.74 mH
Grid-side inductanceL20.68 mH
Filter capacitanceC10 μF
Inductor’s resistancer1,20.2 Ω
Coefficient of NFTSMCα, β, k1, k21.8, 1.3, 300, 1
PMR gainsKp, Kr, k5, k710, 2,000, 2,000, 2,000
Bands of the hysteresis functionh2,000

Comparison of the proposed system with other works

ReferenceHuang et al. (2023)Zhang and Fei (2023)Sozanski and Szczesniak (2023)Proposed
Transient response performanceVery highVery highMediumVery high
RobustnessHighHighHighVery high
PWM methodPWMPWMPWMHysteresis
Switching frequency20 KhzNot reported25.6 KhzNot fixed
Non-linear load performanceVery highVery highVery highVery high
ComplexityHighHighHighLow
Computational burdenVery highHighHighLow
Best grid THD0.981.56Not reported0.33
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pead-2025-0018 | Journal eISSN: 2543-4292 | Journal ISSN: 2451-0262
Language: English
Page range: 257 - 270
Submitted on: Feb 26, 2025
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Accepted on: Jul 3, 2025
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Published on: Sep 7, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2025 Amir Rabbani, Mahla Dehghani, Mohammad Mardaneh, Ehsan Jamshidpour, Saeed Hasanvand, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.