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Excitement vs Entertainment – Intrinsic Motivations and Spending Habits of Spectators at Individual Sport Competitions: The Case of FINA World Championships Cover

Excitement vs Entertainment – Intrinsic Motivations and Spending Habits of Spectators at Individual Sport Competitions: The Case of FINA World Championships

Open Access
|Jan 2026

Figures & Tables

Regression models_

Variable/MeasureModel 1Model 2Model 3Model 4
const.895.948***88,418−841,344−1,168,256
Convenience and excitement243.566**222.203**200.226*207.96*
Fan of the national team272.975**330.816***315.096***317.674***
Entertainment−380.964***−282.902**−253.685**−267.470**
CAGE distance (tourism-related) 0.077***0.084***0.077***
GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) 0.012**0.0080.008
Gender 287,649369.746*
Age 24.672***20.585*
Degree of education −61,442−106,209
Event was well-organized 157,706
The event was an amazing experience −87,716
Hungarian hospitality 43,719
R 2 0.1310.2230.2570.254
F statistics F = 11.450 F = 12.833 F = 8.625 F = 5.821
p = 0.001*** p = 0.001*** p = 0.001*** p = 0.001***
Durbin-Watson 1,2771,1571,2331,189

Factors of event-related sports motivation_

Items of surveyFactors
Convenience and excitement (ω = 0.889)Fan of the national team (ω = 0.812)Entertainment (ω = 0.714)
It is important to me to reach the venue of the competitions easily and conveniently0.8360.2140.128
The convenient and high-level venue is important to me0.8200.1950.081
The good price/value ratio of spectating the competitions is important to me0.7680.0870.183
Attending competitions helps get away from the routine of everyday life0.6470.3510.045
I enjoy the excitement associated with the games0.6450.2360.181
I am ready to do everything as a fan for the success of our nation’s athletes0.1650.7460.166
I trust my nation’s athletes do their best0.2260.7260.087
Being a fan of my nation’s athletes is very important to me0.3500.6510.264
The main reason I watch the competitions is that I find the players physically attractive0.057−0.0050.775
It is important for me that there are other entertainment programs/promotions in addition to the match0.1140.2110.672
I will come to a competition if I can see my nation’s athletes’ victory for sure0.2020.2260.534
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2026-0004 | Journal eISSN: 1899-4849 | Journal ISSN: 2081-2221
Language: English
Page range: 40 - 53
Submitted on: May 13, 2025
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Accepted on: Sep 3, 2025
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Published on: Jan 2, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Péter Szabó, Tamás Laczkó, Miklós Stocker, published by Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.