Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Ranked main productivity factors post-COVID-19 pandemic in Jordanian construction projects_
| Factor | Description | Mean | Std. deviation |
|---|---|---|---|
| P26 | Material shortages | 3.70 | 1.226 |
| P3 | Lack of empowerment (training/seminar) | 3.51 | 1.249 |
| P37 | Late payment of salary | 3.49 | 1.258 |
| P40 | Poor communication & coordination | 3.49 | 1.330 |
| P44 | Improper planning & scheduling of work | 3.48 | 1.212 |
| P43 | Variation in orders | 3.43 | 1.116 |
| P6 | Lack of skill and experience of the Workers | 3.41 | 1.203 |
| P47 | Poor work planning | 3.40 | 1.208 |
| P49 | Lack of on-site cleanliness | 3.38 | 1.227 |
| P33 | Low salary or underpaid | 3.37 | 1.220 |
| P41 | Lack of leadership skill | 3.36 | 0.929 |
| P16 | Lack of drawings availability, drawing errors, slow response to questions withdrawing | 3.33 | 1.156 |
| P36 | Little or no financial rewards | 3.28 | 1.191 |
| P25 | The poor condition of equipment and tools | 3.26 | 1.197 |
| P22 | Workers adherence to safety measures and infection control | 3.22 | 1.199 |
| P27 | Low quality of raw material | 3.11 | 1.299 |
| P19 | Awareness of COVID-19 protocol | 3.10 | 1.277 |
| P2 | Weather conditions | 3.09 | 1.088 |
| P1 | Utilising traditional construction methods instead of modern technology | 3.05 | 1.279 |
| P29 | Poor arrangement of materials | 3.03 | 1.119 |
| P31 | Lack of appropriate equipment when needed or availability of inadequate equipment | 3.02 | 0.994 |
| P32 | Lack of Materials when needed due to poor planning or delays in delivery times | 3.02 | 1.234 |
| P9 | Changing instruction order | 2.98 | 1.259 |
| P46 | Misunderstanding between the agency & contractor | 2.98 | 1.300 |
| P42 | Lack of periodic meetings with labourers | 2.93 | 1.385 |
| P18 | Improper observance of COVID-19 protocols | 2.80 | 1.219 |
| P50 | Regulation and law | 2.80 | 1.231 |
| P38 | Poor relations between labours and supervisors | 2.76 | 1.203 |
| P34 | Lack of labour recognition | 2.75 | 1.196 |
| P23 | Applicability to fully implicate social distancing in their workplace | 2.73 | 1.122 |
| P5 | Poor relations among workers | 2.57 | 1.159 |
| P4 | Low labourer’s morals/commitment | 2.48 | 1.209 |
| P17 | Unsafe working conditions | 2.48 | 1.316 |
| P21 | Accident awareness | 2.48 | 1.215 |
| P24 | There is a proper use of PPE | 2.45 | 1.280 |
| P12 | Changing of foreman | 2.44 | 1.189 |
| P45 | Construction managers lack Leadership | 2.41 | 1.319 |
| P11 | Poor or no supervision methods | 2.30 | 1.239 |
| P14 | Supervisors’ absenteeism | 2.27 | 1.279 |
| P15 | There is no mismatch between employee abilities and job demands | 2.26 | 1.222 |
| P8 | Depend on hiring and employment of unskilled workers | 2.25 | 1.192 |
| P35 | Lack of place for eating and resting | 2.24 | 1.080 |
| P28 | Improper material storage location | 2.21 | 1.137 |
| P39 | Lack of labour surveillance | 2.21 | 1.316 |
| P10 | Inspection delay | 2.20 | 1.183 |
| P30 | Lack of availability of required tools and machinery | 2.18 | 1.259 |
| P48 | Overcrowded work areas | 2.17 | 1.092 |
| P20 | Poor health of workers | 1.92 | 1.169 |
| P7 | Increase in labourers’ age (above 40 years) | 1.79 | 0.918 |
| P13 | Unskilled supervisors | 1.69 | 0.769 |
The final levels of sustainable transportation indicators after six iterations_
| Factors | Factor name | Level |
|---|---|---|
| P3 | Lack of empowerment (training/seminar) | 6 |
| P40 | Poor communication & coordination | |
| P22 | Workers will adhere to safety measures and infection control policy | |
| P1 | Utilising traditional construction methods instead of modern technology | |
| P44 | Improper planning & scheduling of work | 5 |
| P47 | Poor work planning | 4 |
| P26 | Material shortages | 3 |
| P43 | Variation in orders | |
| P6 | Lack of skill and experience of the workers | |
| P25 | The poor condition of equipment and tools | |
| P31 | Lack of appropriate equipment when needed or availability of inadequate equipment | |
| P32 | Lack of materials when needed due to poor planning or delay in delivery times | |
| P33 | Low salary | 2 |
| P41 | Lack of leadership skill | |
| P16 | Lack of drawings availability, drawing errors, slow response to questions withdrawing | |
| P36 | Little or no financial rewards | |
| P19 | Awareness of COVID-19 protocol | |
| P37 | Late payment of salary | 1 |
| P49 | Lack of on-site cleanliness | |
| P27 | Low quality of raw material | |
| P2 | Weather conditions | |
| P29 | Poor arrangement of materials |
Formation of SSIM_
| P26 | P3 | P37 | P40 | P44 | P43 | P6 | P47 | P49 | P33 | P41 | P16 | P36 | P25 | P22 | P27 | P19 | P2 | P18 | P29 | P31 | P32 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P26 | X | O | O | X | A | A | A | X | O | O | A | O | O | O | O | A | O | A | O | A | O | O |
| P3 | X | O | X | X | X | X | V | V | X | A | V | X | O | X | O | X | O | X | V | V | V | |
| P37 | X | O | A | A | O | A | O | O | A | O | O | A | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | ||
| P40 | X | X | X | X | X | V | O | A | V | O | O | X | O | O | O | X | V | V | V | |||
| P44 | X | V | A | X | O | O | A | X | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | V | V | V | ||||
| P43 | X | O | A | O | A | O | A | O | O | O | A | O | A | O | O | O | O | |||||
| P6 | X | V | V | O | X | V | O | O | V | O | V | O | V | V | O | V | ||||||
| P47 | X | V | O | A | V | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | V | O | V | |||||||
| P49 | X | A | O | A | O | A | O | O | O | A | O | A | O | O | ||||||||
| P33 | X | O | V | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | V | O | O | |||||||||
| P41 | X | O | V | O | V | O | V | O | V | V | V | O | ||||||||||
| P16 | X | O | A | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | |||||||||||
| P36 | X | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | ||||||||||||
| P25 | X | O | V | O | O | O | V | X | X | |||||||||||||
| P22 | X | O | A | O | X | O | O | O | ||||||||||||||
| P27 | X | O | A | O | A | A | A | |||||||||||||||
| P19 | X | O | V | O | O | O | ||||||||||||||||
| P2 | X | O | V | O | O | |||||||||||||||||
| P1 | X | O | O | O | ||||||||||||||||||
| P29 | X | A | A | |||||||||||||||||||
| P31 | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
| P32 | X |