Fig. 1:
Externalising damping loops increase the stability of a system by breaking long causal chains.
Fig. 2:
Coupling value χi,j = τc/tRes as the coverage of the deviation controlled by the given time reserves.
Fig. 3:
Comparison of the transition probability to the coupling value χi,j.
Fig. 4:
Characteristic roles of participating nodes based on active sums and passive sums.
Fig. 5.
Structure of a causally expanding (a)/converging (b) tree, reflecting the most simple causal system.
Fig. 6.
Cross impact analysis of a causal expanding/converging tree vs. impact (ξ(= ζ).
Fig. 7.
Causal remains of criticality vs. length of causal chains (maximum rank) of expanding/converging trees.