Fig. 1
Dominant structure of hybrid simulation (in this case, Method 2 is dominant)
Fig. 2
Integrated structure of hybrid simulation
Fig. 3
Parallel structure of hybrid simulation
Fig. 4
Construction simulation framework
Tab. 1
Input and output of the basic simulation approaches
| Input | Output | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Methods | Discrete event simulation (DES) | Activities (activity durations, resources) Relationships | Process duration Resource usage |
| System dynamics (SD) | Influencing factors Stocks and flows | Changes of factors over time Effects of factors | |
| Agent-based modeling (ABM) | Agents (attributes, rules of behavior) | Behavior of the system | |
| Technique | Fuzzy logic (FL) | Factors affecting duration Frequency of occurrence Adverse consequences | Crisp values |
Fig. 5
Example of DES-SD hybrid approach (DES-dominant structure)