Precipitation characteristics in the open-pit limestone mining area in Celiny near Kielce

Mirosław Szwed; Weronika Matyjanek

doi:10.2478/oszn-2025-0022

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Precipitation characteristics in the open-pit limestone mining area in Celiny near Kielce

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources

Volume 36 (2025): Issue 4 (December 2025)

By: Mirosław Szwed and Weronika Matyjanek

Open Access

|Mar 2026

Figures & Tables

Location of the study area (own compilation based on QGIS)

Daily concentration of PM10 dust against mean air temperature and daily precipitation totals during the study period (own elaboration, based on IMGW and CIEP data)

Ion concentration vs. monthly precipitation sum

Mass of particulate matter (PM) vs. sum of monthly precipitation

Coordinates of the sampling points

No.	GPS
1	50°38′12.1 ″N, 20°42′23.1 ″E
2	50°37′46.6 ″N, 20°42′33.9 ″E
3	50°37′49.2 ″N, 20°43′07.5 ″E
4	50°37′48.7 ″N, 20°44′08.7 ″E

Average monthly concentrations of the main ions calculated based on the determination in 4 collectors (n_a_ = below detection level)

Ions	Cl⁻	SO₄²⁻	NO₃⁻	Fe³⁺	Na⁺	NH₄⁺	Mg²⁺	K⁺	Ca²⁺	OA
Unit	mg/l									mm
VI	1.32	2.23	n.a.	n.a.	1.22	0.27	0.51	1.33	9.23	5.86
VII	0.00	0.00	n.a.	n.a.	0.80	0.24	0.54	0.65	11.34	20.66
VIII	1.58	3.79	0.15	0.0743	1.38	0.52	0.75	1.49	20.42	4.50
IX	29.16	31.68	12.78	n.a.	20.50	0.66	19.85	3.87	72.24	6.85
X	1.93	2.29	16.50	n.a.	1.49	2.60	1.34	5.68	19.74	19.45
XI–XII	0.74	0.82	1.33	n.a.	0.64	0.97	0.05	0.14	0.48	30.03
I	1.05	1.11	1.35	n.a.	0.78	0.78	1.10	0.25	8.23	12.35
II	0.61	1.34	2.27	n.a.	0.66	1.66	0.22	0.26	2.72	10.26
III	3.01	8.17	0.12	n.a.	1.89	1.11	0.36	1.02	12.86	3.20
IV	–	–	–	n.a.	–	–	–	–	–	–
V	1.12	3.52	0.62	n.a.	1.29	0.26	1.20	3.78	36.14	4.61
Average annual value	4.05	5.50	4.39	0.07	3.07	0.91	2.59	1.85	19.34	11.78 (117.77 in total)

Mass of particulate matter in bulk precipitation

Point number	1	2	3	4	Average value for the month
Unit	g
VI	0.5144	0.7759	0.3654	–	0.5519
VII	0.1488	0.057	–	0.0335	0.0798
VIII	0.1961	0.0920	0.2401	0.2547	0.1957
IX	0.0268	–	0.0195	0.0531	0.0331
X	0.0556	0.0220	0.0654	0.0945	0.0594
XI–XII	0.0284	0.0399	–	0.0569	0.0417
I	0.0124	0.0274	0.1792	0.0046	0.0559
II	0.0368	0.0321	0.0403	0.0303	0.0349
III	0.1182	0.0530	0.0640	0.0650	0.0751
IV	0.2576	0.0751	0.0877	0.1205	0.1354
V	0.5478	0.1310	0.1117	0.1314	0.2305
Annual average	0.1643	0.1121	0.1304	0.0820	0.1370

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2025-0022 | Journal eISSN: 2353-8589 | Journal ISSN: 1230-7831

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Language: English

Page range: 18 - 27

Published on: Mar 17, 2026

Published by: National Research Institute, Institute of Environmental Protection

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

open-cast mining,

environment,

rainfall pollution,

PM₁₀ dust concentration,

SEM,

Related subjects:

© 2026 Mirosław Szwed, Weronika Matyjanek, published by National Research Institute, Institute of Environmental Protection
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 36 (2025): Issue 4 (December 2025)

Precipitation characteristics in the open-pit limestone mining area in Celiny near Kielce

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Coordinates of the sampling points

Average monthly concentrations of the main ions calculated based on the determination in 4 collectors (n_a_ = below detection level)

Mass of particulate matter in bulk precipitation

Paradigm

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