Figure 1.
Figure 2.
The concentration of heavy metals in soil on plots 1 and 2 (average values from three analytical series with standard deviation)
| Tested element | Unit | Concentration of heavy metals in soil | Limit value1 (industrial areas) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial value (beginning of the remediation) | Final value (after 12 months) | Final value (after 24 months) | ||||||
| Plot 1 | Plot 2 | Plot 1 | Plot 2 | Plot 1 | Plot 2 | |||
| H. rhamnoides | S. albus | H. rhamnoides | S. albus | |||||
| As | mg·kg−1 | 67±4 | 5.7±0.3 | 54±4.5 | 5±0.4 | 48±5.2 | 4.9±0.4 | 100 |
| Ba | 234±2 | 81±4 | 224±14.5 | 64±5.5 | 197±12.8 | 70±4.5 | 1500 | |
| Cr | 21±3.5 | 9.4±0.4 | 18±2.5 | 7±0.6 | 16±1.5 | 8.5±0.5 | 1000 | |
| Sn | <5.0 | <5.0 | <5.0 | <5.0 | <5.0 | <5.0 | 350 | |
| Zn | 3014±9.8 | 3521±26.9 | 2427±42.9 | 3201±24.7 | 1915±22.5 | 2740±40.5 | 2000 | |
| Cd | 22±3 | 67±6 | 19.5±2.5 | 59±3 | 14±1 | 57±3 | 15 | |
| Co | 6.6±0.2 | <0.20 | 5.7±0.6 | <0.20 | 5±1.3 | <0.20 | 200 | |
| Cu | 144±4.0 | 240±12 | 123±6.1 | 216±7.5 | 109±8.6 | 200±7 | 600 | |
| Mo | <0.40 | <0.40 | <0.40 | <0.40 | <0.40 | <0.40 | 250 | |
| Ni | 18±2 | 37±3.5 | 13±1.5 | 35±4.5 | 13±1 | 34±3 | 500 | |
| Pb | 809±8.2 | 754±10.5 | 698±24.5 | 708±9.5 | 550±16.9 | 587±8.1 | 600 | |
| Hg | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 | 30 | |
Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values for leaves of plants
| Tested element | BAF* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H. rhamnoides | S. albus | |||
| Beginning | After 12 months | Beginning | After 12 months | |
| Zn | 0.018 | 0.053 | 0.013 | 0.04 |
| Cd | 0.009 | 0.018 | 0.0032 | 0.006 |
| Pb | 0.0012 | 0.006 | 0.0013 | 0.004 |
Heavy metal content in the leaves of the species studied before planting and after 12 months (average values from three analytical series with standard deviation)
| Tested element | Unit | Leaves: Before planting | Leaves: After 12 months | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H. rhamnoides | S. albus | H. rhamnoides | S. albus | ||
| As | mg·kg−1 | <5.0 | <5.0 | <5.0 | <5.0 |
| Ba | 7.2±0.6 | 10±1.5 | 15±2.5 | 18±3 | |
| Cr | 48±3.5 | 26±4 | 56±4 | 33±3 | |
| Sn | <5.0 | <5.0 | <5.0 | <5.0 | |
| Zn | 56±5.5 | 45±4.5 | 130±8.5 | 125±6 | |
| Cd | 0.21±0.06 | 0.22±0.04 | 0.36±0.06 | 0.38±0.04 | |
| Co | <0.20 | <0.20 | <0.20 | <0.20 | |
| Cu | 4.9±2.8 | 6.9±0.5 | 6.8±3.5 | 9.2±0.3 | |
| Mo | <0.40 | <0.40 | <0.40 | <0.40 | |
| Ni | 2.6±0.4 | 2.6±0.3 | 5±1.3 | 6.9±0.4 | |
| Pb | <1.0 | <1.0 | 4.1±0.3 | 2.7±0.4 | |
| Hg | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 | <0.10 | |