Ecological, legal and economic aspects of evaluating the damages caused by wild animals / Ekologiczne, prawne i ekonomiczne aspekty oceny szkód wyrządzanych przez dzikie zwierzęta

This paper presents the ecological grounds of interaction between animals and their living habitats, which in economic terms is referred to as damages. In addition, an analysis of the legal and economic aspects of the liability for damages caused by wild animals in different types of natural habitats was carried out. Liability for damages is a special law in relation to the general principles of civil law in this area. At the same time, it is also limited, both objectively and subjectively. The increase in the interaction of animals with environments, which results directly in the size of compensation amounts paid, is closely associated with the dynamics in the number of damaging species, whereas the specificity of the damage results from the behavior of perpetrator animals. Multidirectional preventive measures using different methods generally produce short-term effects and their use is not always economically justified.