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Recruitment patterns of the solitary ascidian Phallusia nigra Savigny, 1816 on artificial substrates submerged in the central Red Sea, Saudi Arabia Cover

Recruitment patterns of the solitary ascidian Phallusia nigra Savigny, 1816 on artificial substrates submerged in the central Red Sea, Saudi Arabia

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
Volume 48 (2019): Issue 3 (September 2019)
By: Abdul Mohsin A. Al-Sofyani and  Sathianeson Satheesh  
Open Access
|Sep 2019

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

P. nigra recruitment pattern (number of individuals, mean ± SE, n=4) on artificial substrates submerged in vertical and horizontal positions
P. nigra recruitment pattern (number of individuals, mean ± SE, n=4) on artificial substrates submerged in vertical and horizontal positions

Figure 2

Abundance of P. nigra on different treatment panels used in this study. Abundance (mean ± SE 225 cm−2) data were pooled for each factor and all treatments. a) Recruitment pattern on different substrate types. b) Abundance of the ascidian on substrates indifferent colors. c) Abundance of the ascidian on panels submerged in vertical and horizontal orientation. d) Recruitment pattern on panels submerged in the shade and exposed to light
Abundance of P. nigra on different treatment panels used in this study. Abundance (mean ± SE 225 cm−2) data were pooled for each factor and all treatments. a) Recruitment pattern on different substrate types. b) Abundance of the ascidian on substrates indifferent colors. c) Abundance of the ascidian on panels submerged in vertical and horizontal orientation. d) Recruitment pattern on panels submerged in the shade and exposed to light

Figure 3

Seasonal recruitment pattern of P. nigra on artificial materials submerged in the central Red Sea. a) Pooled data for the seasonal abundance of the ascidian on different types of substrate b) Pooled data for the seasonal abundance of the ascidian on substrates in different colors. Abundance (mean ± SE) for the panel surface area of 225 cm2
Seasonal recruitment pattern of P. nigra on artificial materials submerged in the central Red Sea. a) Pooled data for the seasonal abundance of the ascidian on different types of substrate b) Pooled data for the seasonal abundance of the ascidian on substrates in different colors. Abundance (mean ± SE) for the panel surface area of 225 cm2

Figure 4

Interactive plot of P. nigra recruitment on different substrates submerged in vertical and horizontal orientations
Interactive plot of P. nigra recruitment on different substrates submerged in vertical and horizontal orientations

Figure 5

Interactive plot of P. nigra recruitment on substrates in different colors submerged in the shade and exposed to light
Interactive plot of P. nigra recruitment on substrates in different colors submerged in the shade and exposed to light

Figure 6

Abundance (number of individuals, mean ± SE, n=4) of P. nigra on panels in different colors submerged in the shade and exposed to light
Abundance (number of individuals, mean ± SE, n=4) of P. nigra on panels in different colors submerged in the shade and exposed to light

Three-way ANOVA results for the ascidian P_ nigra recruitment on substrates in different colors submerged in the shade and exposed to light_ Season, substrate color and light were used as factors (p<0_05 = significant effect)

SSDfMSFp
Season42.0500142.05003.52070.065
Color135.3250433.83122.83260.031
Light88.2000188.20007.38480.008
Season*Color105.0750426.26872.19940.079
Season*Light9.800019.800000.82050.368
Color*Light97.9250424.48122.04970.098
Season*Color*Light137.0750434.26872.86920.030
Error728.55006111.9434

Three-way ANOVA results of P_ nigra recruitment on different types of substrate (p<0_05 = significant effect)_ Season, substrate type and orientation were used as factors for ANOVA

SSDfMSFp
Season5.906331.96871.09890.353
Substrate8.906332.96871.65700.181
Orientation0.125010.12500.06970.792
Season*Substrate43.156294.79512.67650.008
Season*Orientation3.937531.31250.73260.535
Substrate*Orientation17.937535.97913.33740.022
Season*Substrate*Orientation18.250092.02771.13180.348
Error173.7813971.7915
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ohs-2019-0023 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X
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Language: English
Page range: 262 - 269
Submitted on: Nov 5, 2018
Accepted on: Jan 21, 2019
Published on: Sep 22, 2019
Published by: University of Gdańsk
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
biofouling,
bioinvasion,
ascidians,
Ascidiacea,
artificial reefs,
Red Sea
Related subjects:
Chemistry,
Chemistry, other,
Geosciences,
Geosciences, other,
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2019 Abdul Mohsin A. Al-Sofyani, Sathianeson Satheesh, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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