Evidence of cultural eutrophication of the Gulf of Gdańsk based on diatom analysis

Pędziński, Jarosław; Witak, Małgorzata

doi:10.2478/ohs-2019-0022

Abstract

The objective of this study was to reconstruct the environmental changes in the Gulf of Gdańsk in the last 200 years. Four subbottom sediment cores were analyzed with respect to diatom flora and anthropogenic effects. The so-called “anthropogenic assemblage” – a result of cultural eutrophication – was observed in the surface sediments. Changes in the species composition may have been caused by the increased use of fertilizers, nitrogen loads and increasing organic matter concentration. Three phases (A, B and C) were distinguished based on the floristic spectrum, which clearly indicates trophic changes in the study area.

References

Andrén, E. (1999). Changes in the composition of the diatom flora during the last century indicate increased eutrophication of the Oder estuary, southwestern Baltic Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 48(6): 665–676. 10.1006/ecss.1999.0480
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Andrén, E., Shimmield, G. & Brand, T. (1999). Environmental changes of the last three centuries indicated by siliceous microfossil records from the southwestern Baltic Sea. The Holocene 9(1): 25–38. 10.1191/095968399676523977
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Andrén, E., Andrén, T. & Kunzendorf, H. (2000). Holocene history of the Baltic Sea as a background for assessing records of human impact in the sediments of the Gotland Basin. The Holocene 10(6): 687–702. 10.1191/09596830094944
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Andrulewicz, E., Szymelfenig, M. & Urbanski, J. (1998). Morze Bałtyckie – o tym warto wiedzieć. Zeszyty Zielonej Akademii Zeszyt nr 7. [Baltic Sea – it’s worth knowing about it]. (In Polish).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Andrulewicz, E. & Witek, Z. (2002). Anthropogenic pressure and environmental effects on the Gulf of Gdansk: recent management efforts. In G. Schernewski & U. Schiewer (Eds.), Baltic coastal ecosystems, structure, function and coastal zone management. Central and Eastern European Development Studies (pp. 119–139). Berlin: Springer Verlag.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Arend, K.K., Beletsky, D. & de Pinto, J.V. (2011). Seasonal and interannual effects of hypoxia on fish habitat quality in central Lake Erie Freshwater Biology 56: 366–383. 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02504.x
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Battarbee, R.W. (1986). Diatom analysis. In B.E. Berglund (Eds.), Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology (pp. 527–570). London: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bąk, M. (2004). Changes in species composition of the diatom (Bacillariophyceae) flora of the Szczecin Lagoon (Northern Poland) as a result of long-term inflow of polluted River Odra waters Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Szczecin, Poland (In Polish).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Boesch, D.F. (2002). Challenges and opportunities for science in reducing nutrient over-enrichment of coastal ecosystems. Estuaries 25: 886–900. 10.1007/BF02804914
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bodén, P. (1991). Reproducibility in the Random Settling Method for Quantitative Diatom Analysis. Micropaleontology 37(3): 313–319. 10.2307/1485893
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bogaczewicz-Adamczak, B. & Dziengo, M. (2003). Using benthic diatom communities and diatom indices to assess water pollution in the Puck Bay (southern Baltic Sea) littoral zone. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 32(4): 131–157.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Carpenter, S.R. (1981). Submersed vegetation: an internal factor in lake ecosystem succession. The American Naturalist 118: 372–383.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Carpenter, S.R., Caraco, N.F., Correll, D.L., Howarth, R.W., Sharpley, A.N. et al. (1998). Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Society of America 8(3): 559–568. 10.2307/2641247
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Clark, R.B. (2001). Marine pollution 5th Ed Oxford: University Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cloern, J.E. (2001). Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem. Marine Ecology Progress Series 210: 223–253. 10.3354/meps210223
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
de Jonge, V.N., Elliot, M. & Orive, E. (2002). Causes, historical development, effects and future challenges of a common environmental problem: eutrophication. Hydrobiologia 475/476: 1–19. 10.1023/A:1020366418295
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Denys, L. (1991). A check-list of the diatoms in the Holocene deposits of the western Belgian coastal plain with a survey of their apparent ecological requirements. I. Introduction, ecological code and complete list. Professional Paper Belgium Geological Survey246: 1–41.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Diaz, R.J. & Rosenberg, R. (1995). Marine benthic hypoxia: a review of its ecological effects and the behavioural responses of benthic macrofauna. Oceanography and Marine Biology. Annual Review 33: 245–303.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Elmgren, R. & Larsson, U. (2001). Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea area: integrated coastal management issues. In B. von Bodungen & R.K. Turner (Eds.), Science and integrated coastal management (pp. 15–35). Berlin: University Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Glasby, G.P. & Szefer, P. (1998). Marine Pollution in Gdańsk Bay, Puck Bay and the Vistula Lagoon, Poland, an overview. The Science of the Total Envronment 212(1): 49–57. 10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00333-1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Grimm, E.C. (2011). Tilia Version 1.7.16 (software). Springfield, IL: Illinois State Museum.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Grimm, K.A. & Gill, A.S. (1994). Fossil phytoplankton blooms and selfish genes: the ecological and evolutionary significance of Chaetoceros resting spores in laminated diatomaceous sediments. Geological Society of America Abstract with Programs 26(6): 170–171.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Haecky, P., Jonsson, S. & Andersson, A. (1998). Influence of sea ice on the composition of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the northern Baltic Sea. Polar Biol 20:1– 8.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hajdu, S. & Larsson, U. (1990). Spatial and temporal Patterns in succession of pelagic diatoms in a brackich water coastal area. In 11th International Symposium on Living and Fossil Diatoms, 13–17 August 1990 (pp. 39). San Francisco.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Håkanson, L. & Bryhn, A.C. (2008). Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea; Present situation, Nutrient transport, Processes, Remedial strategies Environmental Science and Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hasle, G.R. & Syvertsen, E.E. (1997). Marine diatoms. In C.R. Tomas (Eds.), Identifying marine phytoplankton (pp. 5–385). San Diego: Academic Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Heisler, J., Glibert, P.M., Burkholder, J.M., Andreson, D.M., Cochlan, W. et al. (2008). Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: A scientific consensus. Harmful Algae 8: 3–13. 10.1016/j.hal.2008.08.006
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
HELCOM. (2002). Environment of the Baltic Sea area 1994– 1998. Baltic Sea Environ. Proc No. 82B.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
HELCOM Ministerial Meeting. (2007). Towards a Baltic Sea unaffected by eutrophication Kraków, 15 November 2007.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Höglander, H., Larsson, U. & Hajdu, S. (2004). Vertical distribution and settling of spring phytoplankton in the offshore NW Baltic Sea proper. Marine Ecology Progress Series 283: 15–27. 10.3354/meps283015
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hustedt, F. (1927–1966). Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz 1–3. In L. Rabenhorsts (Ed.), Kryptogamen flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 7 Leipzig: Akademische Verlerlagsbuchhandlung.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kowalkowski, T., Pastuszak, M., Igras, J. & Boguszewski, B. (2012). Differences in emission of nitrogen and phosphorus into the Vistula and Oder basins in 1995–2008 – Natural and anthropogenic causes (MONERIS model). Journal of Marine Systems 89(1): 48–60. 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.07.011
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1986). Bacillariophyceae. 1. Teil: Naviculaceae. In H. Ettl, J. Gerloff , H. Heynig & D. Mollenhauer (Eds.), Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa 2/1 Stuttgart & New York: G. Fischer.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1988). Bacillariophyceae. 2. Teil: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. In H. Ettl, J. Gerloff , H. Heynig & D. Mollenhauer (Eds.), Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa 2/2 Stuttgart & New York: G. Fischer.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991a). Bacillariophyceae. 3.Teil: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. In H. Ettl, J. Gerloff , H. Heynig & D. Mollenhauer (Eds.), Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa 2/3 Stuttgart & Jena: G. Fischer.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991b). Bacillariophyceae. 4.Teil: Achnanthaceae. Kritische Ergänzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema. Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis. In H. Ettl, J. Gerloff , H. Heynig & D. Mollenhauer (Eds.), Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa 2/4 Stuttgart & Jena: G. Fischer.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kruk-Dowgiałło, L. (1996) The role of filamentous brown algae in the degradation of the underwater meadows the Gulf of Gdańsk. Oceanological Studies 25: 125–137.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Larsson, U., Elmgren, R. & Wulff , F. (1985). Eutrophication and the Baltic Sea: causes and consequences. Ambio 14: 9–14.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lehtiniemi, M., Engström-Öst, J. & Viitasalo, M. (2005). Turbidity decreases anti-predator behaviour in pike larvae, Esox Lucius. Environmental Biology of Fishes 73: 1–8. 10.1007/s10641-004-5568-4
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lesniewska, M. & Witak, M. (2008). Holocene diatom biostratigraphy of the SW Gulf of Gdańsk, Southern Baltic Sea (part III). Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 37(4): 35–52. 10.2478/v10009-008-0017-x
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lesniewska, M. & Witak, M. (2011). Diatoms as indicators of eutrophication in the western part of the Gulf of Gdańsk, Baltic Sea. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 40(1): 68–81. 10.2478/s13545-011-0008-5.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Łysiak-Pastuszak, N. Drgas, E. & Piątkowska, Z. (2004). Eutrophication in the Polish coastal zone: the past, present status and future scenarios. Mar. Poll. Bull 49: 186–195. 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.007
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mazur-Marzec, H., Krężel, A., Kobos, J. & Plinski, M. (2006). Toxic Nodularia spumigena blooms in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk: a ten-year survey. Oceanologia 48(2): 255–273.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mazur-Marzec, H. & Plinski, M. (2009). Do toxic cyanobacteria blooms pose a threat to the Baltic ecosystem? Oceanologia 51(3): 293–319. DOI:10.5697/oc.51-3.293.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mazur-Marzec, H., Sutryk, K., Kobos, J., Hebel, A., Hohlfeld, N. et al. (2012). Occurrence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxin in the Southern Baltic Proper. Filamentous cyanobacteria versus single-celled picocyanobacterial. Hydrobiologia 701: 235–252. 10.1007/s10750-012-1278-7
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nixon, S.W. (1995). Coastal marine eutrophication: A definition, social causes, and future concerns. Ophelia 41: 199–219. 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.007
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Olenina, I. & Kavolyte, R. (1997). Phytoplankton, chlorophyll a and the environmental conditions in the southeastern coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. In A. Andrusaitis (Ed.), Proc. 13th Baltic Marine Biologists, Inst. Aquatic Ecology, University of Latvia (pp. 53–61).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Österblom, H., Hansson, S., Larsson, U. Hjerne, O., Wulff , F., Elmgren, R. & Folke, C. (2007). Human-induced Trophic Cascades and Ecological Regime Shifts in the Baltic Sea. Ecosystems 10(6): 877–889. 10.1007/s10021-007-9069-0
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pankow, H. (1990). Ostsee-Algenflora Jena: Fischer.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Paerl, H.W. (2009). Controlling eutrophication along freshwater marine continuum: dual nutrient (N and P) reductions are essential. Estuaries and Coasts 32: 593–601. 10.1007/s12237-009-9158-8
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pastuszak, M., Stålnacke, P., Pawlikowski, K. & Witek, Z. (2012). Response of Polish rivers (Vistula, Oder) to reduced pressure from point sources and agriculture during the transition period (1988–2008). Journal of Marine Systems (94): 157–173. 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.11.017
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Plinski, M. (1979). Kierunki zmian strukturalnych w fitoplanktonie estuariów Bałtyku Południowego. Rozprawy i monografie UG 15: 1–136. (In Polish).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schernewski, G. & Neumann, T. (2005). The trophic state of the Baltic Sea a century ago: a model simulation study. Journal of Marine Systems 53: 109–124. 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2004.03.007
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schindler, D.W. (2006). Recent advances in the understanding and management of eutrophication. Limnology and Oceanography 51: 356–363. 10.4319/lo.2006.51.1_part_2.0356
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schrader, H. & Gersonde, R. (1978). Diatoms and silicofiagellates in the eight meters sections of the lower Pleistocene at Capo Rossello. Utrecht Micropaleontological Bulletin 17: 129–176.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Smith, V.H. & Schindler, D.W. (2009). Eutrophication science: where do we go from here? Trends in Ecology & Evolution 24(4): 201–7. 10.1016/j.tree.2008.11.009
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stålnacke, P. (1996). Nutrient loads to the Baltic Sea Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Linköping, Sweden.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stachura-Suchoples, K. (1999). Okrzemki jako wskaźniki oddziaływania Wisły na paleoekologie Zatoki Gdańskiej [Diatoms as indicators of Vistula River influence on the paleoecology of the Gulf of Gdańsk]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Gdańsk. (In Polish).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stachura-Suchoples, K. (2001). Bioindicative values of dominant diatom species from the Gulf of Gdańsk, Southern Baltic Sea, Poland. In R. Jahn, J.P. Kociolek, A. Witkowski & P. Compère (Eds.), Lange-Bertalot-Festschrift Studies on diatoms (pp. 477–490). Rugell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Turner, A.M. & Chislock, M.F. (2010). Blinded by the stink: Nutrient enrichment impairs the Perception of predation risk by freshwater snails. Ecological Applications 20(8): 2089–2095. 10.1890/10-0208.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tuovinen, N., Weckström, K. & Virtasalo, J. (2010). Assessment of recent eutrophication and climate influence in the Archipelago Sea based on the subfossil diatom record. Journal of Paleolimnology 44: 95–108. 10.1007/s10933-009-9390-z
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
van Dam, H., Mertens, A. & Sinkeldam, J. (1994). A coded checklist and ecological indicator values of freshwater diatoms from the Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology 28: 117–133.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Vos, P.C. & de Wolf, H. (1993). Diatoms as a tool for reconstructing sedimentary environments in coastal wetlands; methodological aspects. Hydrobiologia 269/270: 285–296.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Voss, M., Dippner, J.W., Humborg, C., Hürdler, J., Korth, F. et al. (2011). History and scenarios of future development of the Baltic Sea eutrophication. Estuarine. Coastal and Shelf Science 92(3): 307–322. 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.12.037
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wassmann, P. & Olli, K. (2004) Drainage basin nutrient inputs and eutrophication: an integrated approach Norway: University of Tromsø.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Witak, M. (2000). A diatom record of late Holocene environmental changes in the Gulf of Gdańsk. Oceanological Studies 29(2): 57–74.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Witak, M. (2010). Application of diatom biofacies in reconstructing the evolution of sedimentary basins. Records from the southern Baltic Sea differentiated by the extent of the Holocene marine transgressions and human impact, Diatom Monographs 12 Ruggell, Liechtenstein: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Witak, M., Jankowska, D. & Piekarek-Jankowska, H. (2006). Holocene diatom biostratigraphy of the SW Gulf of Gdańsk, Southern Baltic Sea (part I). Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 35(4): 307–329.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Witak, M., Pedzinski, J. (2018). The diatom record of progressive anthropopressure in the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Vistula Lagoon. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 47(2): 167–180. 10.1515/ohs-2018-0016
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Witkowski, A. (1994). Recent and fossil diatom flora of the Gulf of Gdańsk, Southern Baltic Sea. Biblitheca Diatomologica 28: 1–313.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Witkowski, A. & Pempkowiak, J. (1995). Reconstructing the development of human impact from diatoms and ²¹⁰Pb sediment dating (the Gulf of Gdańsk – southern Baltic Sea). Geographica Polonica 65: 63–78.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (2000). Diatom flora of marine costs I. Iconographica Diatomologica 7: 1–925.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wulff , F., Savchuk, O.P., Sokolov, A., Humborg, C. & Mörth, C.M. (2007). Management options and effects on a marine ecosystem: assessing the future of the Baltic. Ambio 36: 243–249.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Evidence of cultural eutrophication of the Gulf of Gdańsk based on diatom analysis

Abstract

Paradigm

My account