References
- Abdallah, R.I., Khalil, N.M., & Roushdy, M.I. (2016). Monitoring of pollution in sediments of the coasts in Egyptian Red Sea. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum 25(1): 133–151. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpe.2015.07.021.
- Abou-El-Sherbini, K.S. & Hamed, M.A. (2000). Pollution assessment in aquatic ecosystem along the western coast of the Suez Bay. Egyptian J. Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 4(4): 37–59.
- Adeniji, A.O., Okoh, O.O., & Okoh, A.I. (2017). Analytical methods for the determination of the distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the water and sediment of aquatic systems: A review. Journal of Chemistry 2017(5178937). DOI: 10.1155/2017/5178937.
- Ahmed, O. E., Mahmoud, S.A., & Mousa, A.E.R. (2015). Aliphatic and Poly-Aromatic Hydrocarbons Pollution at the Drainage Basin of Suez Oil Refinery Company. Current Science International 4(1): 27–44.
- Ahmed, P.M., de Figueroa, L.I.C., & Pajot, H.F. (2020). Application of microbial consortia in degradation and detoxification of industrial pollutants. Microorganisms for Sustainable Environment and Health. INC. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819001-2.00020-6.
- Al-Agroudy, N., Soliman, Y.A., Hamed, M.A. & Zaghloul, G. (2017). Distribution of PAHs in Water, Sediments Samples of Suez Canal During 2011. Journal of Aquatic Pollution and Toxicology 1(1/3): 1–10.
- Ali, H.R., El-Gendy, N.S., El-Ezbewy, S., El-Gemaee, G.H., & Moustafa, Y.M. (2006). Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination in Water, Sediment and Fish of Temsah Lake, Suez Canal, Egypt. Current World Environment 1(1): 11–22. DOI: 10.12944/cwe.1.1.03.
- APHA/AWWA/WEF. (1999). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Standard Methods. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation. https://doi.org/ISBN9780875532356.
- Azab, A.M., Shaban, W.M., Zaki, M.S., Authman, M.M.N., & Zaher, M.F.A. (2012). Monitoring of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Sediment and Gastropods from Suez Gulf, Red Sea. Life Science Journal 91(5): 1689–1699. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
- Baumard, P., Budzinski, H. & Garrigues, P. (1998). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments and mussels of the western Mediterranean sea. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 17(5): 765–776. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620170501.
- Belal, A.A.M. (2019). Macro-benthic invertebrates as a bio-indicator for water and sediment quality in Suez Bay, Red Sea. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 45(2): 123–130. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejar.2019.03.003.
- Chen, B., Wang, Y. & Hu, D. (2010). Biosorption and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous solutions by a consortium of white-rot fungi. Journal of Hazardous Materials 179(1–3): 845–851. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.082.
- Eed, M.A.A., Ismael, I.S. & Kaiser, M.F. (2016). Monitoring of Oil Spills along Suez-Ain Sokhna Coastal Zone, Using Remote Sensing Techniques. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science 10(2): 6–16. DOI: 10.9790/2402-10210616.
- Egypt GDP : Suez Canal. (2020). https://www.ceicdata.com/en/egypt/gdp-by-industry-current-price/gdp-suez-canal
- El-Agroudy, N.A., El Azim, H.A., Soliman, Y.A., Said, T.O., El Moselhy, K.M. et al. (2007). Concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in water and some marine organisms of the Gulf of Suez. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 33(2): 128–143.
- El Diasty, W.S., El Beialy, S.Y., Mostafa, A.R., El Adl, H.A. & Batten, D.J. (2017). Hydrocarbon source rock potential in the southwestern Gulf of Suez graben: Insights from organic geochemistry and palynofacies studies on well samples from the Ras El Bahar Oilfield. Marine and Petroleum Geology 80: 133–153. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.11.012.
- Eladawy, A., Shaltout, M., Sousa, M.C., Dias, J.M., & Nadaoka, K. (2018). Estimating the Mean Circulation and Water Exchange of the Gulf of Suez-Red Sea via a Validated One-Way Atmospheric-Hydrodynamic Coupled Model. Earth Systems and Environment 2(2): 213–231. DOI: 10.1007/s41748-018-0049-7.
- Elfadly, A.A., Ahmed, O.E. & El Nady, M.M. (2017). Assessing of organic content in surface sediments of Suez Gulf, Egypt depending on normal alkanes, terpanes and steranes biological markers indicators. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum 26(4): 969–979. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpe.2016.11.007.
- Elmorsi, R.R., El-Alfy, M.A. & Abou-El-Sherbini, K.S. (2020). Evaluation of the trophic state predicted from lab and Landsat data of western coastal water of Suez Bay, Egypt. GeoJournal. DOI: 10.1007/s10708-020-10230-3.
- Emara, M.M., Farid, N.A., Ahmed, O.E. & Kamal, E.M. (2013). Physico-chemical Study of Surface Seawater in The Northwestern Gulf of Suez. Egypt. J. Chem. 56(5): 345–365.
- Environmental Impact Assesment (EIA) for a Proposed Mathanol Facility in Damietta Port (Draft Report). (2006) (Vol. 20).
- Goh, C.-P. & Lim, P.-E. (2008). Potassium Permanganate As Oxidant in the Cod Test for Saline Water Samples. ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 25(2): 383–393. DOI: 10.29037/ajstd.269.
- Hamed, M.A., Soliman, Y.A., Khodir, A.E., Soliman, A.H., Agroudy, N.A. El, & Hussein, F. (2010). Physico-chemical characteristics of Suez Bay water during 2006–2007. Egypt J. Aquat. Biol. & Fish. 14(1): 43–56.
- Hasanuzzaman, M., Ueno, A., Ito, H., Ito, Y., Yamamoto, Y. et al. (2007). Degradation of long-chain n-alkanes (C36 and C40) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain WatG. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 59(1): 40–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2006.07.010.
- Honda, M. & Suzuki, N. (2020). Toxicities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for aquatic animals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(4). DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041363.
- Jaward, F.M., Alegria, H.A., Reyes, J.G.G. & Hoare, A. (2012). Levels of PAHs in the waters, sediments, and shrimps of estero de Urias, an estuary in Mexico, and their toxicological effects. The Scientific World Journal 2012. DOI: 10.1100/2012/687034.
- Li, Z., Sheng, Y., Shi, W., Sun, Q., & Mortimer, R.J.G. (2016). Influence of salinity on COD measurements in coastal water management. Desalination and Water Treatment 57(39): 18338–18345. DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2015.1091996.
- Lu, G.N., Dang, Z., Tao, X.Q., & Yi, X.Y. (2008). Estimation of water solubility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using quantum chemical descriptors and partial least squares. QSAR and Combinatorial Science 27(5): 618–626. DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200710014.
- Mojiri, A., Zhou, J.L., Ohashi, A., Ozaki, N. & Kindaichi, T. (2019). Comprehensive review of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water sources, their effects and treatments. Science of the Total Environment 696: 133971. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133971.
- Neff, J.M., Stout, S.A. & Gunster, D.G. (2005). Ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments: identifying sources and ecological hazard. Integrated environmental assessment and management 1(1): 22–33. DOI: 10.1897/IEAM_2004a-016.1.
- Nemr, A. El, Said, T.O., Khaled, A., El-Sikaily, A. & Abd-Allah, A.M.A. (2007). The distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments along the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 124(1–3): 343–359. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9231-8.
- O’Brien, P.P.Y., & Dixon, P.S. (1976). The effects of oils and oil components on algae: A review. British Phycological Journal 11(2): 115–142. DOI: 10.1080/00071617600650161.
- Purcaro, G., Moret, S. & Conte, L.S. (2015). Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Encyclopedia of Food and Health 406–418. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-384947-2.00550-X.
- Said, T.O., Samra, M.I.El, Abdallah, A.M. & Agroudy, N.A.El. (2001). Dissolved Petroleum Components Along the Suez Canal. Mans. Sci. Bull. (A Chem.): 28(2): 85–99.
- Soliman, Y.A., El Gawad, I.A., & Abdallah, A.M. (2017). Evaluation levels of phenols and its derivatives in suez bay seawater. Global Scientific Journal 5(12): 202.
- Soliman, Y.S., Alansari, E.M.A., Sericano, J.L. & Wade, T.L. (2019). Spatio-temporal distribution and sources identifications of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their alkyl homolog in surface sediments in the central Arabian Gulf. Science of the Total Environment 658: 787–797. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.093.
- State of Oil Pollution and Management in Gulf Region. (2008). Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) (vol. 2). Regional Environmental Management Improvement Project (REMIP) working group 2 (wg2).
- Steliga, T. (2012). Role of fungi in biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in drill waste. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 21(2): 471–479.
- Szefer, P. (2013). Safety assessment of seafood with respect to chemical pollutants in European Seas. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 42(1): 110–118. DOI: 10.2478/s13545-013-0063-1.
- Tobiszewski, M. & Namieśnik, J. (2012). PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources. Environmental Pollution 162: 110–119. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.10.025.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1999). Method 1664, Revision A; EPA-821-R-98-002. Washington, D.C.
- Witt, M., Kobusińska, M., Maciak, J. & Niemirycz, E. (2014). Geostatistical methods for estimation of toxicity of marine bottom sediments based on the gdańsk basin area. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 43(3): 247–256. DOI: 10.2478/s13545-014-0139-6.
- Yan, J., Wang, L., Fu, P.P. & Yu, H. (2004). Photomutagenicity of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the US EPA priority pollutant list. Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 557(1): 99–108. DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2003.10.004.
- Yang, X., Wu, X., Hao, H. & He, Z. (2008). Mechanisms and assessment of water eutrophication. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B 9(3): 197–209. DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B0710626.
- Younis, A.M., Soliman, Y.A., Elkady, E.M. & El-Naggar, M.H. (2018). Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments and some fish species from the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 22(4): 49–59. DOI: 10.21608/ejabf.2018.12472.
- Zhang, J., Fan, S., Du, X., Yang, J., Wang, W. et al. (2015). Accumulation, allocation, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil-brassica chinensis system. PLoS ONE 10(2): 1–16. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115863.