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An optimal design of beam shaping assembly for BNCT based on 7Li(p,n)7Be of 3.5 MeV proton accelerator Cover

An optimal design of beam shaping assembly for BNCT based on 7Li(p,n)7Be of 3.5 MeV proton accelerator

By: ,   and    
Open Access
|Jun 2026

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

The cross-sectional view of a beam shaping assembly for Geant4 simulation.

Fig. 2.

The relationship curve between neutron yield and target thickness for a 3.5 MeV proton beam bombarding a lithium target.

Fig. 3.

Neutron angular distribution with a Li target thickness of 290 μm.

Fig. 4.

The relationship curve between the neutron energy spectrum at the BSA exit and the thickness of the moderated material (MgF2, 7LiF, Fluental, and AlF3) with a range of 22–30 cm.

Fig. 5.

Neutron energy spectrum at the BSA exit obtained with 0.8 cm Pb and 0.8 cm Bi as gamma filters, respectively, where the thickness of 7LiF is 30 cm.

Fig. 6.

The depth-dose curve of the final BSA.

The dose evaluation parameters of 7LiF in the thickness range of 22–36 cm

7LiF thickness (cm)ADDR (Gy-eq)Depth of ADDR (cm)Max dose rate of tumor (Gy-eq)Advantage depth (cm)Therapeutic gain (TG)Treatment time (min)Max dose rate of tumor (Gy-eq)
2261.101578.21.9512.333.0
2442.80.41358.82.2117.540.5
2633.20.41159.02.4622.643.7
2825.92999.22.6129.048.5
3021.72.4859.22.6634.649.3
3218.32.4739.22.6841.450.4
3415.52.4639.22.7048.651.0
3613.22.4549.22.7257.051.3

The IAEA parameters [14] obtained by using 0_8 cm thick Pb and Bi as gamma filters, respectively, where the thickness of 7LiF is 30 cm

Parameterφepi (n/cm−2·s−1)φthepiDfepi (Gy-cm2/n)Dγepi (Gy-cm2/n)Current/flux
IAEA advised>1.00 × 109<0.05<2.00 × 10−13<2.00 × 10−13>0.70
Pb 0.8 cm1.82 × 1090.0054.22 × 10−143.31 × 10−140.71
Bi 0.8 cm1.84 × 1090.0054.21 × 10−143.30 × 10−140.71

The dose evaluation parameters of MgF2 in the thickness range of 22–36 cm

MgF2 thickness (cm)ADDR (Gy-eq)Depth of ADDR (cm)Max dose rate of tumor (Gy-eq)Advantage depth (cm)Therapeutic gain (TG)Treatment time (min)Max dose rate of tumor (Gy-eq)
2264.101528.01.8112.032.4
2447.601318.42.0016.235.3
2634.201098.82.2822.240.6
2825.82959.22.5029.446.6
3020.92809.22.6336.048.3
3217.82.4699.22.6342.648.8
3415.12.4599.22.6349.849.3
3612.92.4519.22.6358.249.3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2026-0005 | Journal eISSN: 1508-5791 | Journal ISSN: 0029-5922
Language: English
Page range: 35 - 40
Submitted on: May 20, 2026
Accepted on: Jun 3, 2026
Published on: Jun 30, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
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© 2026 Hong Huang, Yucheng Yan, Tao Fu, published by Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.