Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Weight fractions (Ft/F~ at 50°C) of Cs ion at various stirring times
| Time (h) | Weight fractions of Cs ions at 50°C | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Bayah | Lampung | Tasikmalaya | |
| 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 1 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.97 |
| 2 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.94 |
| 3 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.95 |
| 4 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.96 |
| 5 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.97 |
| 24 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Analysis of cation exchange capacity (CEC)
| Origin of zeolite | CEC (mEq/g) | CEC average (mEq/g) | SD (mEq/g) | RSD (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bayah | 1.460 | |||
| 1.438 | 1.427 | 0.040 | 2.79 | |
| 1.383 | ||||
| Lampung | 1.454 | |||
| 1.454 | 1.448 | 0.010 | 0.71 | |
| 1.436 | ||||
| Tasikmalaya | 1.409 | |||
| 1.404 | 1.404 | 0.005 | 0.36 | |
| 1.399 |
Recovery of 137Cs isotope in the fuel element plate of U3Si2/Al using resin Dowex
| Sample code | Weight of sample in 150 mL (g solution) | Content of 137Cs before given zeolite (mg) | Content of 137Cs after given zeolite (mg) | Recovery (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top | 0.1554 | 0.0341 | 0.0334 | 98.0122 |
| Middle | 0.1542 | 0.0302 | 0.0297 | 98.4482 |
| Bottom | 0.1540 | 0.0284 | 0.0276 | 98.1428 |
Diffusion coefficient at 30°C and 50°C
| Temperature (°C) | Diffusion coefficient (Di) (m2/s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Bayah | Lampung | Tasikmalaya | |
| 30 | 2.30E-13 | 2.35E-13 | 2.06E-13 |
| 50 | 9.34E-14 | 9.62E-14 | 9.62E-14 |
Recovery of 137Cs isotope in the fuel element plate of U3Si2/Al using zeolite
| Sample code | Weight of sample in 150 mL (g solution) | Content of 137Cs before given zeolite (mg) | Content of 137Cs after given zeolite (mg) | Recovery (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top | 0.1539 | 0.0287 | 0.0285 | 99.3031 |
| Middle | 0.1546 | 0.0343 | 0.0340 | 99.1253 |
| Bottom | 0.1557 | 0.0447 | 0.0443 | 99.1051 |
Surface area, pore size and adsorption of zeolites from Bayah, Lampung, and Tasikmalaya
| Types of zeolites | Surface area (m2) | Pore size (Å) | Adsorption (ml/g) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bayah | 6.353 | 16.235 | 13.250 |
| Lampung | 10.048 | 16.065 | 24.500 |
| Tasikmalaya | 8.332 | 16.801 | 13.850 |
| Standard | 1.010 | 30.915 | 4.900 |
Optimization time of the 137Cs cation exchange process with NH4-zeolites
| Stirring time (h) | Zeolites from Bayah (mEq/g) | Zeolites from Lampung (mEq/g) | Zeolites from Tasikmalaya (mEq/g) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 1 | 1.46 | 1.57 | 1.41 |
| 2 | 1.40 | 1.45 | 1.40 |
| 3 | 1.38 | 1.44 | 1.40 |
| 4 | 1.35 | 1.46 | 1.39 |
| 5 | 1.34 | 1.45 | 1.38 |
| 24 | 1.34 | 1.44 | 1.38 |
Fission products and half-life of isotopes
| Isotopes | Fission yield (%) | Half-life |
|---|---|---|
| 134Cs | 6.80 | 2.10 years |
| 137Cs | 6.20 | 30.17 years |
| 90Sr | 5.93 | 29 years |
| 140Ba | 6.36 | 12.8 days |
| 144Ce | 4.50 | 285 days |
Selectivity coefficient of zeolites from Lampung [21]
| Cation exchange | Cs+ | Sr2+ | Ba2+ | Ce+ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NH4-zeolite | 1.44 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.10 |
| K-zeolite | 1.20 | 1.04 | 1.10 | 1.00 |
| Na-zeolite | 1.40 | 1.04 | 1.12 | 1.00 |
Results of leaching 137Cs-zeolite from Lampung
| Heating temperature (°C) | Cs (mEq/10 ml) | Cs (mEq/g zeolite) | Fraction in Cs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leachates (%) | Zeolite (%) | |||
| 25 (no heating) | 0.221 | 0.0221 | 15.46 | 84.54 |
| 200 | 0.004 | 0.0004 | 0.27 | 99.73 |
| 500 | 0.001 | 0.0011 | 0.06 | 99.94 |
| 600 | 0.001 | 0.0011 | 0.06 | 99.94 |
Chemical composition of zeolites from Bayah, Lampung, and Tasikmalaya
| Oxide elements | Zeolites from Bayah (% w/w) | Zeolites from Lampung (% w/w) | Zeolites from Tasikmalaya (% w/w) | Mordenite standard (% w/w) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SiO2 | 4.350 | 68.070 | 62.520 | 78.580 |
| Al2O3 | 14.20 | 16.520 | 13.760 | 17.330 |
| CaO | 3.720 | 2.270 | 3.130 | 0.920 |
| Fe2O3 | 1.720 | 1.530 | 1.650 | 0.350 |
| MgO | 1.630 | 0.570 | 1.470 | 0.450 |
| Na2O | 1.840 | 0.930 | 1.860 | 1.180 |
| K2O | 2.860 | 2.280 | 2.010 | 0.860 |
| P2O | 0.052 | 0.034 | – | – |
| TiO2 | 2.154 | 0.135 | 2.170 | 0.080 |
| MnO | 0.022 | 0.033 | 0.032 | – |
Weight fractions (Ft/F~ at 30°C) of Cs ion at various stirring times
| Time (h) | Weight fractions of Cs ions at 30°C | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Bayah | Lampung | Tasikmalaya | |
| 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 1 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 0.99 |
| 2 | 1.01 | 1.04 | 0.99 |
| 3 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.98 |
| 4 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 0.99 |
| 5 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.98 |
| 24 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |