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American media, Scandinavian audiences: Contextual fragmentation and polarisation among Swedes and Norwegians engaging with American politics Cover

American media, Scandinavian audiences: Contextual fragmentation and polarisation among Swedes and Norwegians engaging with American politics

Nordicom Review
Volume 45 (2024): Issue s1 (March 2024)
By: Jessica Yarin RobinsonORCID  
Open Access
|Mar 2024

Figures & Tables

FIGURE 1

Duplication and fragmentationSource: adapted from Webster, 2005
Duplication and fragmentationSource: adapted from Webster, 2005

FIGURE 2A

Norway’s Norwegian-language media network
Norway’s Norwegian-language media network

FIGURE 2B

Sweden’s Swedish-language media network
Sweden’s Swedish-language media network

FIGURE 2C

Norway’s English-language media network
Norway’s English-language media network

FIGURE 2D

Sweden’s English-language media networkComments: Figures 2a–d illustrate the way different media outlets are connected each other based on the users that share them. Each country has been separated into the national language (Nor-Nor and Swe-Swe) and English (Nor-Eng and Swe-Eng) based on the language of the tweet. Networks are visualised using the Fruchterman Reingold algorithm in Gephi. In the English language networks, the 25 most well-connected outlets are labelled to ensure readability.
Sweden’s English-language media networkComments: Figures 2a–d illustrate the way different media outlets are connected each other based on the users that share them. Each country has been separated into the national language (Nor-Nor and Swe-Swe) and English (Nor-Eng and Swe-Eng) based on the language of the tweet. Networks are visualised using the Fruchterman Reingold algorithm in Gephi. In the English language networks, the 25 most well-connected outlets are labelled to ensure readability.

FIGURE 3A

Norway’s Norwegian-language media network, with modularity classes
Norway’s Norwegian-language media network, with modularity classes

FIGURE 3B

Sweden’s Swedish-language media network, with modularity classes
Sweden’s Swedish-language media network, with modularity classes

FIGURE 3C

Norway’s English-language media network, with modularity classes
Norway’s English-language media network, with modularity classes

FIGURE 3D

Sweden’s English-language media network, with modularity classesComments: In Figures 3a–d, the media networks from Figures 2a–d have been restructured using the ForceAtlas 2 algorithm, which better visualises divisions in the network. Distinct communities or “modularity classes” have been colourised.
Sweden’s English-language media network, with modularity classesComments: In Figures 3a–d, the media networks from Figures 2a–d have been restructured using the ForceAtlas 2 algorithm, which better visualises divisions in the network. Distinct communities or “modularity classes” have been colourised.

FIGURE 4A

Norway’s Norwegian-language media network, with modularity class and political orientation correlations
Norway’s Norwegian-language media network, with modularity class and political orientation correlations

FIGURE 4B

Sweden’s Swedish-language media network, with modularity class and political orientation correlations
Sweden’s Swedish-language media network, with modularity class and political orientation correlations

FIGURE 4C

Sweden’s English-language media network, with modularity class and political orientation correlations
Sweden’s English-language media network, with modularity class and political orientation correlations

FIGURE 4D

Norway’s English-language media network, with modularity class and political orientation correlationsComments: Figures 4a–d illustrate the relationship between the different modularity classes of media and the political orientation of the users who shared media outlets within these classes. The strength of correlation (V) shows the level of audience polarisation in each country–language group. The colours of the bars correspond to the colours of the modularity classes in Figures 3a–d.
Norway’s English-language media network, with modularity class and political orientation correlationsComments: Figures 4a–d illustrate the relationship between the different modularity classes of media and the political orientation of the users who shared media outlets within these classes. The strength of correlation (V) shows the level of audience polarisation in each country–language group. The colours of the bars correspond to the colours of the modularity classes in Figures 3a–d.

Summaries of country–language media networks

Nor-NorNor-EngSwe-SweSwe-Eng
Size: Outlets2113920104
Size: Ties1407,7591634,714
Duplication (density).67.81.86.88
Modularity.10.24.05.23
Diameter2222
Transitivity.81.89.90.92
Centralisation.31.19.16.12
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2024-0010 | Journal eISSN: 2001-5119 | Journal ISSN: 1403-1108
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Language: English
Page range: 120 - 151
Published on: Mar 12, 2024
Published by: University of Gothenburg Nordicom
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
media fragmentation,
audience polarisation,
transnationalism,
news sharing,
Twitter,
X
Related subjects:
Social sciences,
Communication science,
Public and political communication,
Mass communication

© 2024 Jessica Yarin Robinson, published by University of Gothenburg Nordicom
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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