Figure 1
Overview of search protocol
Comments: Search conducted according to the same protocol in two iterations. The second iteration took account of the increasing number of studies referring to this topic.
Table 1
Search results by publication category
| Publication Category | 2017 | 2020 | Cumulative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Research articles | 59 | 51 | 110 |
| Books | 32 | 10 | 42 |
| Book chapters | 7 | 4 | 11 |
| Book review | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Conference papers | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| Theses | 4 | 8 | 12 |
| Encyclopaedia entries | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Research indices | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| Citations | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Websites | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| Newspaper or non-research-based periodical articles | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Reports | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| Total | 125 | 92 | 217 |
[i] Comments: Numbers reflect total items after removal of duplicates in each category.
Table A1
Overview of empirical material
| Method | Reference | Focus/Continent |
|---|---|---|
| case study | Couldry, N., & Dreher, T. (2007). Globalization and the public sphere: Exploring the space of community media in Sydney. Global Media and Communication, 3(1), 79–100. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742766507074360 | Community media/Australia and Oceania |
| Hachten, W. A. (1968). The training of African Journalists. Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands), 14(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1177/001654926801400205 | Journalism/Africa | |
| Jenks, J. (2016). The scramble for African media: The British government, Reuters, and Thomson in the 1960s. American Journalism, 33(1), 2–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2015.1134972 | African media | |
| Latimore, J., Nolan, D., Simons, M., & Khan, E. (2017). Reassembling the Indigenous public sphere. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 21, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3127/ajis.v21i0.1529 | Indigenous app/Australia and Oceania | |
| Lefkowich, M., Dennison, B., & Klein, P. (2019). Empowerment journalism – Commentary for special issue of Journalism Studies. Journalism Studies, 20(12), 1803–1809. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2019.1638294 | Empowerment journalism/Global | |
| Mann, M., & Daly, A. (2019). (Big) data and the north-in-south: Australia's informational imperialism and digital colonialism. Television & New Media, 20(4), 379–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476418806091 | Digital colonialism/Australia and Oceania | |
| Martin, J. (2018). Writing Aboriginality: The portrayal of Indigenous people in Australia's Walkley-Award-winning features. Literary Journalism Studies, 10(1), 8–19. https://ialjs.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Indigenous-LJ-8-69.pdf | Indigenous journalism/Australia and Oceania | |
| Skjerdal, T. S. (2011). Teaching journalism or teaching African journalism? Experiences from foreign involvement in a journalism programme in Ethiopia. Global Media Journal African Edition, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.5789/5-1-56 | African journalism | |
| Tallent, R. J., & Dingman, R. S. (2011). Cherokee independent press act of 2000. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 35(3), 252–274. https://doi.org/10.1177/0196859911413468 | Indigenous journalism/North America | |
| interviews | Burrows, E. (2018). Indigenous media producers’ perspectives on objectivity, balancing community responsibilities and journalistic obligations. Media, Culture & Society, 40(8), 1117–1134. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443718764807 | Indigenous media/Global |
| Chibuwe, A., & Salawu, A. (2020). Training for English language or Indigenous language media journalism: A decolonial critique of Zimbabwean journalism and media training institutions’ training practices. Journal of African Media Studies, 12(2), 137–156. https://doi.org/10.1386/jams_00016_1 | Indigenous journalism/Africa | |
| Cohen, M. S., & McIntyre, K. (2019). Local-language radio stations in Kenya: Helpful or harmful? African Journalism Studies, 40(3), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/23743670.2020.1729830 | African journalism | |
| Goyanes, M., López-López, P. C., & Demeter, M. (2020). Social media in Ecuador: Impact on journalism practice and citizens’ understanding of public politics. Journalism Practice, 15(3), 366–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2020.1724180 | Indigenous journalism/South America | |
| Hanusch, F. (2015). Cultural forces in journalism: The impact of cultural values on Māori journalists’ professional views. Journalism Studies, 16(2), 191–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2013.859864 | Indigenous journalism/Australia and Oceania | |
| Hanusch, F. (2014b). Dimensions of Indigenous journalism culture: Exploring Māori news-making in Aotearoa New Zealand. Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism, 15(8), 951–967. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884913495757 | Indigenous journalism/Australia and Oceania | |
| Hanusch, F., & Uppal, C. (2015). Combining detached watchdog journalism with development ideals: An exploration of Fijian journalism culture. International Communication Gazette, 77(6), 557–576. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048515597873 | Indigenous journalism/Australia and Oceania | |
| Plaut, S. (2014). Nation-building, not “resistance radio”. Nordicom Review, 35(1), 81–97. https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2014-0006 | Indigenous journalism/Europe | |
| Ross, T. (2017). Rethinking journalism and culture: An examination of how Pacific audiences evaluate ethnic media. Journalism Studies, 18(12), 1559–1575. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1146626 | Pacific journalism/Australia and Oceania | |
| comparative interviews | Skogerbø, E., Josefsen, E., & Fjellström, A.-M. (2019). Indigenous political journalism in the Norwegian and Swedish public service broadcasters. Journalism Studies, 20(7), 991–1008. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1477550 | Indigenous journalism/Europe |
| focus groups | Meadows, M. (2009). Electronic dreaming tracks: Indigenous community broadcasting in Australia. Development in Practice, 19(4–5), 514–524. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520902866363 | Indigenous community broadcasting/Australia and Oceania |
| Ross, T. (2019). Pulled two ways: Norms of ‘Pacificness’ and journalism in New Zealand's Pacific news media. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 40(6), 649–664. https://doi.org/10.1080/07256868.2019.1675616 | News media/Australia and Oceania | |
| observation/interview/survey | Adeduntan, A. (2018). Truth, nothing but the performative truth. Journalism Studies, 19(12), 1712–1729. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1299587 | Indigenous journalism/Africa |
| archival/participant observation/interviews | M’Balla-Ndi, M. (2017). Division in the land of ‘the unspoken’: Examining journalistic practice in contemporary New Caledonia. MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research, 33(62), 52–71. https://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v33i62.24431. | Indigenous journalism/North America |
| interviews/primary source documents | Plaut, S. (2017). Reshaping the borders of journalism: Lessons learned from transnational peoples’ journalism. Journalism Practice, 11(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1092391 | Indigenous journalism/Europe |
| observation | Stewart, H., Meadows, M., Bowman, L., van Vuuren, K., & Mulligan, P. (2010). Indigenous voice: A work-integrated learning case study in journalism education. Australian Journalism Review, 32(2), 59–72. | Indigenous journalism/Australia and Oceania |
| multi-sited ethnography | Brooten, L. (2006). Political violence and journalism in a multiethnic state: A case study of Burma (Myanmar). Journal of Communication Inquiry, 30(4), 354–373. https://doi.org/10.1177/0196859906290841 | Political journalism/Asia |
| content analysis | Calvi, P. (2018). Reporting on Indigenous issues: The extractive matrix of journalism vis-á-vis native Latin Americans. Literary Journalism Studies, 10(1), 46–69. | Indigenous journalism/South America |
| Gift, G., Last, A., & Deity, C. N. (2019). The Tonga people of Northern Zimbabwe: An encounter with digital media. African Journalism Studies, 39(4), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/23743670.2018.1533487 | Digital media/Africa | |
| Kilgo, D. K., & Harlow, S. (2019). Protests, media coverage, and a hierarchy of social struggle. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 24(4), 508–530. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161219853517 | US Journalism/North America | |
| Lang, M. J. (2015). Written out of their own story: The rhetorical colonialism of journalistic practice. Communication Studies, 66(1), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2013.867408 | Indigenous journalism/North America | |
| Todorova, M. S. (2016). Co-created learning: Decolonizing journalism education in Canada. Canadian Journal of Communication, 41(4), 673–692. https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2016v41n4a2970 | Indigenous journalism/North America | |
| Waller, L., Mesikämmen, E., & Burkett, B. (2020). Rural radio and the everyday politics of settlement on Indigenous land. Media, Culture & Society, 42(6), 805–822. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443719876620 | Indigenous journalism/Australia and Oceania | |
| content and framing analysis | Browne, J., Gleeson, D., Adams, K., Atkinson, P., & Hayes, R. (2018). Coverage of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nutrition in major Australian newspapers, 1996–2015. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 42(3), 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12790 | Indigenous journalism/Australia and Oceania |
| Vargas, C., Browne, J., Hardy, T., Moore, E., Vally, H., & Gleeson, D. (2020). Coverage of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nutrition in the Koori Mail. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 44(3), 180–185. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12980 | Indigenous journalism/Australia and Oceania | |
| historical/content analysis | Hanusch, F. (2014a). Dimensions of Indigenous journalism culture: Exploring Māori news-making in Aotearoa New Zealand. Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism, 15(8), 951–967. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884913495757 | Indigenous journalism/Australia and Oceania |
| content analysis/survey | Nwagbara, G. U. (2013). Indigenous language news and the marginalization of some ethnic groups in the Nigerian broadcast media. Studies of Tribes and Tribals, 11(2), 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972639X.2013.11886677 | Indigenous journalism/Africa |
| content/production analysis | Su, C. (2019). An alternative chronicle of natural disaster: Social justice journalism in Taiwan. International Journal of Communication, 13, 3321–3340. | Social justice journalism/Asia |
Table A2
Overview of theoretical material
| Reference | Focus/Continent |
|---|---|
| Berger G. (2002). Theorizing the media—Democracy relationship in Southern Africa. Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands), 64(1), 21–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485020640010201 | Media and democracy/Africa |
| Hanusch, F. (2014b). Indigenous cultural values and journalism in the Asia-Pacific region: a brief history of Māori journalism, Asian Journal of Communication, 24(4), 390–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2014.885538 | Indigenous journalism/Australia and Oceania |
| Hanusch F. (2013). Charting a theoretical framework for examining Indigenous journalism culture. Media International Australia, 149(1), 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X1314900110 | Indigenous journalism/Australia and Oceania |
| Hess, K., & Waller, L. (2015). Community journalism in Australia: A media power perspective, Community Journalism, 4(1), 2–9. https://dro.deakin.edu.au/view/DU:30075759 | Community journalism/Australia and Oceania |
| James, S. L. (1990). Development of Indigenous journalism and broadcast formats: Curricular implications for communication studies in Africa. African Media Review, 4(1), 1–14. https://n2t.net/ark:/85335/m59p2xh7n | Indigenous journalism/Africa |
| Nwagbara, G. U. (2013). Indigenous language news and the marginalization of some ethnic groups in the Nigerian broadcast media. Studies of Tribes and Tribals, 11(2), 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972639X.2013.11886677 | Indigenous language news/Africa |
| Reynolds, B. (2018). Indigenous literary journalism, saturation reporting, and the aesthetics of experience. Literary Journalism Studies, 10(1),37–46. | Indigenous literary journalism/Global |
| Shaw I. S. (2009). Towards an African journalism model: A critical historical perspective. International Communication Gazette, 71(6), 491–510. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048509339792 | African journalism/Africa |
| Skjerdal T. S. (2012). The three alternative journalisms of Africa. International Communication Gazette, 74(7), 636–654. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048512458559 | African journalism/Africa |
| Waller, L. (2010). Indigenous research ethics: New modes of information gathering and storytelling in journalism. Australian Journalism Review, 32(2), 19–31. | Indigenous journalism/Australia and Oceania |