Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Posted pasts. Strategic uses of the past in the 2022 Danish and Swedish national election campaigns on Facebook Cover

Posted pasts. Strategic uses of the past in the 2022 Danish and Swedish national election campaigns on Facebook

By: Kalle Eriksson and  Marie Meier  
Open Access
|Mar 2026

References

  1. Andersson, J. (2009). Nordic nostalgia and Nordic light: The Swedish model as utopia 1930–2007. Scandinavian Journal of History, 34(3), 229–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/03468750903134699
  2. Angell, S. I., & Larsen, E. (2022). Introduction: Reimagining the Nordic pasts. Scandinavian Journal of History, 47(5), 589–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2022.2051599
  3. Ansolabehere, S. & Iyengar, S. (1995). Going negative: How attack ads shrink and polarize the electorate. Free Press.
  4. Auter, Z. J., & Fine, J. A. (2016). Negative campaigning in the social media age: Attack advertising on Facebook. Political Behavior, 38(4), 999–1020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-016-9346-8
  5. Aylott, N., & Bolin, N. (2023). A new right: The Swedish parliamentary election of September 2022. West European Politics, 46(5), 1049–1062. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2022.2156199
  6. Bolin, N., Falasca, K., Grusell, M., & Nord, L. (Eds.). (2022). Snabbtänkt 2.0: 22 reflektioner från valet 2022 av ledande forskare [Quick thinking 2.0: 22 reflections from the 2022 election by leading researchers]. Demicom, Mid Sweden University.
  7. Centerpartiet. (2022a, August 21). Nej, Sverigedemokraterna har inte sina rötter på landsbygden. De har sina rötter i Bevara Sverige Svenskt. Annie Lööf i SVT Agenda [No, the Sweden Democrats do not have their roots in the countryside. They have their roots in Bevara Sverige Svenskt. Annie Lööf in SVT Agenda] [Video post] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=571709751407592
  8. Centerpartiet. (2022b, August 22). Nej, det är inte Centerpartiet som ändrat sig. Det är andra som gjort det. En röst på Centerpartiet är en [No, it’s not the Centre Party that has changed. It’s others who have. A vote for the Centre Party is a] [Video post] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1BYEzcjgGQ/
  9. de Saint-Laurent, C. (2018). Memory acts: A theory for the study of collective memory in everyday life. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 31(2), 148–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720537.2016.1271375
  10. Danmarks Demokraterne. (2022, October 6). Mette Frederiksen skal stilles til ansvar for minkskandalen! [Mette Frederiksen must be held responsible for the mink scandal!] [Status Update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/IngerStojberg/videos/mette-frederiksen-skal-stilles-til-ansvar-for-sin-rolle-i-minksagen/1212868657317763/
  11. Det Konservative Folkeparti. (2022a, October 7). Man skal helt over på side 739. Men der står det også sort på hvidt… [You have to go all the way to page 739. But it’s also written there in black and white…] [Image post] [Status Update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/share/p/16VSYmiv1W/
  12. Det Konservative Folkeparti. (2022b, October 9). Yes, yes, yes – det her er valgkampens første konservative sejr! [This is the first Conservative victory of the election campaign!] [Image post] [Status Update]. Facebook. https://tinyurl.com/s5aak24p
  13. Friberg, A. (2023). Temporal comparisons and ideological modalities of time in Swedish election campaigns, 1988–2018. Journal of Language and Politics, 22(2), 145–162. https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.22030.fri
  14. Glenthøj, R., Bjerrum Fossat, S., & Kølle Martinsen, L. (Eds.). (2018). Konfliktzonen Danmark: Stridende fortællinger om nyere dansk historie [Conflict zone Denmark: Conflicting narratives about recent Danish history]. Gad Forlag.
  15. Hansen, K. M., & Pedersen, R. T. (2008). Negative campaigning in a multiparty system. Scandinavian Political Studies, 31(4), 408–427. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.2008.00213.x
  16. Harrington, J. E., & Hess, G. D. (1996). A spatial theory of positive and negative campaigning. Games and Economic Behavior, 17(2), 209–229. https://doi.org/10.1006/game.1996.0103
  17. Haselmayer, M. (2019). Negative campaigning and its consequences: A review and a look ahead. French Politics, 17, 355–372. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41253-019-00084-8
  18. Håkansson, J. (2023). Historia och nationalism: Sverigedemokraternas och Dansk Folkepartis historiska berättelser [History and nationalism: The historical stories of the Swedish Democrats and the Danish People’s Party]. [Doctoral dissertation, Malmö University, Sweden].
  19. Johannisson, K. (2001). Nostalgia: En känslas historia [Nostalgia: The history of a feeling]. Albert Bonniers Förlag.
  20. Kristdemokraterna. (2022, September 9). Värderingarnas betydelse för att bryta segregationen är omätbar. I den bedömningen särskiljer sig KD från övriga partier [The importance of the values for breaking the segregation is immeasurable. In this assessment, KD differs from other parties] [Video post] [Status Update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/Kristdemokraterna/videos/810299156663032
  21. Lau, R. R., Sigelman, L., & Rovner, I. B. (2007). The effects of negative political campaigns: A meta-analytic assessment. American Political Science Review, 93(4), 851–876. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00618.x
  22. Lau, R. R., & Rovner, I. B. (2009). Negative campaigning. Annual Review of Political Science, 12(1), 285–306. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.071905.101448
  23. Liberal Alliance. (2022a, October 8). Danskernes retssikkerhed har ikke haft det værre i mange årtier [Danes’ legal security has not been worse for many decades] [Image post] [Status Update]. Facebook. https://tinyurl.com/3muuyupk
  24. Liberal Alliance. (2022b, October 19). Mette Frederiksen er skandalernes statsminister, og jo mere, der kommer frem om skandalen om Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste, jo mere kan vi se [Mette Frederiksen is the prime minister of scandals, and the more that comes out about the scandal involving the Danish Defense Intelligence Service, the more we can see] [Image post] [Status Update]. Facebook. https://tinyurl.com/25pvf7u4
  25. Liberalerna. (2022a, September 6). För 30 år sedan kommunaliserade Socialdemokraterna skolan, trots varningar om konsekvenserna det skulle få för likvärdighet och kvalitet. Nu är [30 years ago, the Social Democrats municipalised the school, despite warnings about the consequences it would have for equality and quality. Now is] [Image post]. Facebook. https://tinyurl.com/32vmz7m6
  26. Liberalerna. (2022b, September 2). Liberalerna har alltid tagit, och kommer fortsätta ta kampen för jämställdheten. Se Gulan Avci förklara för Annika Strandhäll om hur [The Liberals have always taken, and will continue to take, the fight for equality. Watch Gulan Avci explain to Annika Strandhäll how] [Video post] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/share/v/16mHUGqozL/
  27. Liberalerna. (2022c, September 9). Liberalismen har vuxit fram ur århundranden [sic.] av försvar för enskilda människors frihet och tydliga ramar för statens maktanspråk. Därför står [Liberalism has grown out of centuries of defence of individual freedom and clear limits on the state’s claims to power. Therefore] [Image post] [Status update]. Facebook. https://tinyurl.com/4v7nn8dw
  28. Linderborg, Å. (2001). Socialdemokraterna skriver historia: Historieskrivning som ideologisk maktresurs 1892–2000 [The Social Democrats write history: History writing as an ideological power resource 1892–2000]. Atlas.
  29. Menke, M. (2025). The political uses of the past in Nordic media discourses: An integrative systematic literature review. Nordicom Review, 46(s1), 28–54. https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2025-0007
  30. Merrill, S. (2020). Sweden then vs. Sweden now: The memetic normalisation of far-right nostalgia. First Monday, 25(6). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v25i6.10552
  31. Mette Frederiksen. (2022a, October 23). “Vi gør det, der skal til” [“We do what it takes”]. [Image post] [Status Update]. Facebook. https://tinyurl.com/3p3jy3jw
  32. Mette Frederiksen. (2022b, October 30). Der var kun én ting, jeg var rigtig bange for, da jeg blev statsminister i 2019. Det var, hvis jeg [There was only one thing I was really afraid of when I became prime minister in 2019. That was if I] [Image post] [Status update]. Facebook. https://tinyurl.com/3ubkkysv
  33. Mette Frederiksen. (2022c, October 10). I dag er det to år siden, vi aftalte den største enkeltstående udbygning af det sociale sikkerhedsnet i mange år [Today marks two years since we agreed on the largest single expansion of the social safety net in many years] [Image post] [Status update]. Facebook. https://tinyurl.com/4dwe7235
  34. Moderaterna. (2022a, September 9). Nya förslag för att få ordning på elkrisen. Moderaternas ekonomiskpolitiska talesperson Elisabeth Svantesson och energioch näringspolitiska talesperson Carl-Oskar Bohlin [New proposals to get the electricity crisis under control. Moderates’ economic policy spokesperson Elisabeth Svantesson and energy and business policy spokesperson Carl-Oskar Bohlin] [Live stream]. Facebook. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPNBWISa9rc
  35. Moderaterna. (2022b, August 25). Det största löftessveket i modern tid. På område efter område har S svikit sina löften och i många fall gjort [The biggest breach of promise in modern times. In area after area, S has broken its promises and in many cases made] [Image post] [Status Update]. Facebook. https://tinyurl.com/354tjymu
  36. Moderaterna. (2022c, August 14). Ulf Kristerssons sommartal. Öppningstalare: Jacob Högfeldt, kommunalråd och kommunstyrelsens ordförande i Strängnäs Sofie Wiklund, projektledare ”låna ut din röst” [Ulf Kristersson’s summer speech. Opening speaker: Jacob Högfeldt, municipal councilor and chairman of the municipal board of Strängnäs Sofie Wiklund, project manager “Lend your voice”] [Live stream]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1Dm78fsp1x/
  37. Müller, S. (2022). The temporal focus of campaign communication. The Journal of Politics, 84(1), 585–590. https://doi.org/10.1086/715165
  38. Nye Borgerlige. (2022, October 23). Hvorfor vil man stemme på en, der siger én ting før valget og så gør noget andet, når hun [Why would you vote for someone who says one thing before the election and then does something else when she is elected?] [Video post] [Status Update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/nyeborgerlige/videos/642367357350779
  39. Socialdemokraterna. (2022a, September 5). Stefan Löfven: Det finns många frågor där Bengt Westerberg, tidigare partiledare för Folkpartiet (Liberalerna) och jag inte delar varandras uppfattning [Stefan Löfven: There are many issues where Bengt Westerberg, former party leader of the People’s Party (Liberals), and I do not share each other’s views]. [Reposted Status Update]. Facebook. https://tinyurl.com/fy6kfet5
  40. Socialdemokraterna. (2022b, August 27). I valet för drygt 20 år sedan lämnade Liberalernas partiledare TV-studion när företrädare för ett främlingsfientligt parti anlände till sändningen [In the election just over 20 years ago, the Liberal Party leader left the TV studio when representatives of a xenophobic party arrived for the broadcast] [Image post] [Repost]. Facebook. https://tinyurl.com/2pvbt8zr
  41. Socialdemokraterna. (2022c, August 11). Det enda de högerkonservativa och Liberalerna är överens om är att göra allt de kan för att skydda skolföretagens vinster [The only thing the right-wing conservatives and the Liberals agree on is doing everything they can to protect the profits of school corporations] [Video post]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/share/v/19VGfzEAx5/
  42. Socialdemokratiet. (2022a, October 5). Politik handler ikke om at skændes, til man er blå eller rød i hovedet [Politics is not about arguing until you’re blue or red in the face] [Image post] [Status Update]. Facebook. https://tinyurl.com/276n9jjr
  43. Socialdemokratiet. (2022b, October 30). Vi har vedtaget en af verdens mest ambitiøse klimalove [We have adopted one of the world’s most ambitious climate laws] [Image post] [Status Update]. Facebook. https://tinyurl.com/3bzbmxy4
  44. Socialdemokratiet (2022c, October 2). GULDBRYLLUP [GOLDEN WEDDING]. [Image post] [Status Update]. Facebook. https://tinyurl.com/yc7p7yxe
  45. Steinmetz, W., Simon, B. Z., & Postoutenko, K. (2021). Temporal comparisons: Evaluating the world through historical time. Time & Society, 30(4), 447–461. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X211029262
  46. Sverigedemokraterna. (2022, September 10). Direkt från Riddarholmen och Sverigedemokraternas kampanjavslutning. Det har varit en fantastisk valkampanj. Nu är det röstandet kvar. Gå och rösta [Directly from Riddarholmen and the Sweden Democrats’ campaign closing. It has been a fantastic election campaign. Now all that’s left is voting. Go and vote] [Live stream]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/share/v/16g6ZzcC5k/
  47. Søren Pape Poulsen. (2022, October 9). Mette Frederiksen er begyndt at tale skattelettelser – det er da en kæmpe konservativ sejr [Mette Frederiksen has started talking about tax cuts – that’s a huge conservative victory] [Image post] [Status Update]. Facebook. https://tinyurl.com/ypw452zx
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 20
Published on: Mar 23, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2026 Kalle Eriksson, Marie Meier, published by University of Gothenburg Nordicom
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.