References
- STUK: “Predisposal management of low and intermediate level nuclear waste and decommissioning of a nuclear facility”. Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority of Finland. Helsinki, 2019.
- Fortum Oy: “Finnish Government grants operating licence for Fortum’s final disposal facility for Loviisa nuclear power plant’s low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste”. Fortum corporation press release 30 March 2023.
- Pitkäoja J: “Long-term safety assessment for disposal of VTT’s decommissioning wastes in Loviisa LILW repository” .University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland 2019.
- Kumpula L, Huhtanen I, Palander S, Ylä-Mella M, and Kuhmonen V: “ Management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste in Finland”. Publications of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment, Helsinki, Finland, 2022. (In Finnish).
- Saanio T: “Spent fuel and radioactive waste management in Finland”. Nuclear Espana - Journal of Spanish nuclear professionals, October. 2025.
- Žarnič R, Bosiljkov V B, and Giacomelli M: “Safety Evaluation Methodology of Engineering Barriers at Repository for Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste”. Proceedings, Nuclear energy for new Europe, Portoroz, Sloveni. 11 – 13 September, 2007.
- Ma B, Provis J L, Wang D, and Kosakowski G: “The essential role of cement-based materials in a radioactive waste repository”. Materials Sustainability, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2024, pp. 1–8.
- Holt E, Leivo M, and Vehmas T: “Low-pH concrete developed for tunnel and plugs used in nuclear waste containment”. Proceedings, Concrete Innovation Conference 2014, CIC2014, Oslo, Norway, 2014.
- Ba Ragaa A, Al-Neshawy F, Jolis E M, Kuva J, and Punkki J: “Long-term durability assessment of concrete in Low and Intermediate Level Waste repositories”. Proceedings, 27th International Conference on Structural Mechanics In Reactor Technology - SMiRT 27 Yokohama, Japan, March 3-8, 2024.
- Al-Neshawy F and Punkki J: “Comprehensive state-of-the-art report for long-term behaviour of concrete structures in low and intermediate level radioactive waste (LILW) repository environment”. Report, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, 2022.
- Finnsementti Oy: “Cement types according to SFS-EN 197-1”. Finnsementti Oy, Espoo, Finland.
- EN 12390-1 (2019): “Testing hardened concrete - Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens and moulds”. CEN- European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
- EN 12390-7 (2019): “Testing hardened concrete. Part 7: Density of hardened concrete”. CEN- European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
- EN 12390-3 (2001): “Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens”. CEN- European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
- EN 12390-6 (2000): “Testing hardened concrete - Part 6 - Tensile splitting strength of test specimens”. CEN- European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
- EN 12390-13 (2013): “Testing hardened concrete - Part 13: Determination of secant modulus of elasticity in compression”. CEN- European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
- EN1992-1-1 (2015): “Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures. Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings”. CEN- European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
- Popovics J S, Zemajtis J, and Shkolnik I: “A Study of Static and Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete”. ACI-CRC Final Report, October 2008.
- Bamforth P, Chisholm D, Gibbs J, and Harrison T: “Properties of Concrete for use in Eurocode 2 – How to optimise the engineering properties of concrete in design to Eurocode 2”. A cement and concrete industry publication, The Concrete Center, 2008.
- Salam M and Al-Amawee A H: “The Ratio between Static and Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity in Normal and High Strength Concrete”. Journal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2006.
- Chavhan P P and Student M E: “Correlation of Static and Dynamic modulus of Elasticity for Different SCC Mixes”. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, Vol. 3, No. 7, 2015.
- EN 12390-16 (2019): “Testing hardened concrete - Part 16: Determination of the shrinkage of concrete”. CEN- European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
- Giatec Scientific Inc.: “Concrete Corrosion Assessment Device.”
- Frølund T, Poulsen E, and Eng C: “Rebar Corrosion Rate Measurements for Service Life Estimates”. Proceedings, ACI Fall Convention 2000, Toronto, Canada, Committee 365 “Practical Application of Service Life Models”.
- Giatec Scientific Inc.: “iCOR – User Manual V5.0.”
- EN 14629 (2007): “Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures. Test methods. Determination of chloride content in hardened concrete”. CEN-European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium..
- Astm C856/C856M (2020): “Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete”. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.