Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Frost Destruction of Concrete – A Study of the Validity of Different Mechanisms Cover

Frost Destruction of Concrete – A Study of the Validity of Different Mechanisms

Open Access
|Dec 2018

References

  1. 1. Fagerlund G: “A service life model for internal frost damage in concrete,” Report TVBM-3119, Div. of Building Materials, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden, 2004.
  2. 2. Fagerlund G: “The critical flow distance at freezing of concrete – theory and experiment,” Nordic Concrete Research, No. 56, 2017, pp. 35-53.
  3. 3. Fagerlund G: “Significance of critical degrees of saturation at freezing of porous and brittle materials,” Special Publication SP-47-2 “Durability of Concrete,” American Concrete Institute. Detroit, USA, 1973.
  4. 4. Fridh K.: “Internal frost damage of concrete. Experimental studies of destruction mechanisms,” Report TVBM-1023, Div. of Building Materials, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden, 2005.
  5. 5. Powers T.C.: “The air requirement of frost-resistant concrete,” Highway Research Board Proceedings, No 29, 1949, pp. 184-202.
  6. 6. Powers T.C.: “Structure and physical properties of hardened Portland cement paste,” J. American Ceramic Soc., Vol 41, 1958.10.1111/j.1151-2916.1958.tb13494.x
  7. 7. Qian Z., Ye G., Schlangen E., van Breugel K.: “Modeling fracture behaviour of cement paste based on its microstructure”, Proceedings, 4th Int. Workshop of Young Doctors in Geomechanics. 21-23 Nov. 2012. École des Ponts, Paris Tech., Paris, France.
  8. 8. Zwolinsky B.J. & Eicher L.D.: “High-precision viscosity of super-cooled water and analysis of the extended range temperature effect,” J. Phys. Chem., 71(13), 1971.10.1021/j100682a019
  9. 9. Helmuth R.A.: “Capillary size restriction on ice formation in hardened Portland cement paste,” Proceedings, 4th Int. Symposium on Chemistry of Cement. Vol II. Nat. Bureau of Standards, Washington DC., USA, 1960.
  10. 10. Malhotra M.V., Painter K.A., Bilodeau A.: “Mechanical properties and freezing and thawing resistance of high strength concrete incorporating silica fume,” Cement, Concrete and Aggregate. Vol 9, No 2. ASTM, Washington DC., USA, 1987.10.1520/CCA10071J
  11. 11. Helmuth, R.A., Turk, D. Elastic moduli of hardened Portland cement paste and tricalcium silicate pastes. Highway Research Board, Special report 90, 1966.
  12. 12. Powers T.C: “Resistance of concrete to frost at early ages,” Proceedings, RILEM Symposium on Winter Concreting, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1956. The Danish National Institute of Building Research. Session C, General report, pp 1-50.
  13. 13. Vuorinen J.: “On determination of effective degree of saturation of concrete,” Concrete and soil laboratory, Imatran Voima OY. Oulu, Finland, 1973.
  14. 14. Nilsson L-O.: “Fuktproblem vid betonggolv” (“Moisture problems in concrete floors”), Report TVBM-3002, Div. of Building Materials, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden, 1977. (In Swedish.)
  15. 15. Lindmark S.: “Mechanisms of salt frost scaling of Portland cement-based materials: Studies and hypothesis,” Report TVBM-1017, Div. of Building Materials, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden, 1998.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2018-0003 | Journal eISSN: 2545-2819 | Journal ISSN: 0800-6377
Language: English
Page range: 35 - 54
Submitted on: Feb 16, 2018
|
Accepted on: Apr 19, 2018
|
Published on: Dec 1, 2018
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2018 Göran Fagerlund, published by Nordic Concrete Federation
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.