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Hybrid Regression Models for Predicting Hydration: A Case Study in Pediatric Hemodialysis Cover

Hybrid Regression Models for Predicting Hydration: A Case Study in Pediatric Hemodialysis

Open Access
|Sep 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Matrix representation of a dataset with n input parameters xij (j = 1, … , n) and output parameter yi, measured over m time moments (i = 1,..,m).
Matrix representation of a dataset with n input parameters xij (j = 1, … , n) and output parameter yi, measured over m time moments (i = 1,..,m).

Fig. 2.

EN-GBR hybrid model hydration predictions vs. real hydration values.
EN-GBR hybrid model hydration predictions vs. real hydration values.

Fig. 3.

EN-SVR hybrid model hydration predictions vs. real hydration values.
EN-SVR hybrid model hydration predictions vs. real hydration values.

Fig. 4.

Comparison between the models’ metrics.
Comparison between the models’ metrics.

Fig. 5.

Comparison between the EN, GBR, and EN-GBR hydration prediction vs. real hydration values.
Comparison between the EN, GBR, and EN-GBR hydration prediction vs. real hydration values.

Fig. 6.

Comparison between the EN, SVR, and EN-SVR hydration prediction vs. real hydration values.
Comparison between the EN, SVR, and EN-SVR hydration prediction vs. real hydration values.

Results achieved with the EN, GBR, SVR, hybrid EN-GBR and hybrid EN-SVR models_

Real valuesEN valuesGBR valuesSVR valuesEN-GBR valuesEN-SVR values
Patient A−0.3−0.48129796−0.18628015−0.81704017−0.3527895−0.46503815
−0.8−0.91890762−0.80598051−1.27369152−0.80427712−0.90426637
0.20.508736950.237823860.392207030.205456810.46932447
−1.2−1.11180823−1.16581552−1.27910948−1.18921171−1.13263351
−2.1−2.2058463−2.09972043−1.83435081−2.09690962−2.19735346
−2.2−2.30081989−2.18690249−1.91096666−2.1958786,−2.30016087
−5.6−5.05723497−5.59310215−3.86500347−5.59597978−5.12703839
−2.8−2.83149824−2.79700751−2.38790569−2.79852713−2.84700099
−3.1−3.28661257−3.10436425−2.90010456−3.08728966−3.21576016
1.11.137246221.086746620.914304951.089146861.13514346

Patient B2.32.054982452.304749572.073721472.303253722.32446905
0.60.679733410.622782490.720464150.613628070.70735133
−1.1−0.98525658−1.16755784−1.07055426−1.10503825−1.14305158
−1.3−1.19201570−1.40885596−1.32889134−1.32276658−1.37031130
−1.8−1.72955661−1.73768376−1.84493265−1.80881611−1.86989233
−1.7−1.66446912−1.69278792−1.80055228−1.73364828−1.81502659
0.90.850017650.939256700.889270590.915094440.92993130
−3.8−3.84511421−3.89311761−3.89983185−3.79272144−3.84172986
−4.7−4.97572847−4.68874558−4.75482693−4.72968422−4.79968123
−2.2−2.16571580−2.17217104−2.26907722−2.20450492−2.20647985

Performance metrics_

R2RMSEMAPE
1i=1mYι^Yi2i=1mY¯Yi2 1 - {{\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^m {{{\left( {\widehat {{Y_\iota }} - {Y_i}} \right)}^2}} } \over {\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^m {{{\left( {\bar Y - {Y_i}} \right)}^2}} }} 1mi=1mYiYι^2 \sqrt {{1 \over m}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^m {{{\left( {{Y_i} - \widehat {{Y_\iota }}} \right)}^2}} } 1mi=1mYiYι^Yi100 {1 \over m}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^m {\left| {{{{Y_i} - \widehat {{Y_\iota }}} \over {{Y_i}}}} \right| \cdot 100}

Model comparisons_

ModelR2RMSEMAPE
Patient AEN0.977700.333190.103
GBR0.999690.504090.012
SVR0.922850.531310.095
EN-GBR0.999600.162180.007
EN-SVR0.982590.304890.092
Ridge regression0.910050.441570.243
Kernel Ridge0.907650.438110.257
Bayesian Ridge0.893450.451180.256
RF0.685560.468030.433
LSTM0.953250.381970.136

Patient BEN0.979980.280970.055
GBR0.998020.273700.015
SVR0.972270.541020.141
EN-GBR0.999190.102230.011
EN-SVR0.961780.375490.053
Ridge regression0.970890.342160.062
Kernel Ridge0.969910.340590.063
Bayesian Ridge0.893600.462690.055
RF0.935170.354030.789
LSTM0.846370.327150.408
Language: English
Page range: 212 - 222
Submitted on: Jul 21, 2024
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Accepted on: Jul 14, 2025
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Published on: Sep 10, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open

© 2025 Suzana Djordjevic, Mirjana Kostic, Blerina Zanaj, Danijela Milosevic, Vladimir Mladenovic, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Measurement Science
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.