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GGLCM: A Real-time Early Anomaly Detection Method for Mechanical Vibration Data with Missing Labels Cover

GGLCM: A Real-time Early Anomaly Detection Method for Mechanical Vibration Data with Missing Labels

Measurement Science Review
Volume 25 (2025): Issue 4 (August 2025)
By: Hu Yu,  Xiaoyu Che,  Chao Zhang,  Rupeng Zhu and  Weifang Chen  
Open Access
|Jul 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

The diagram of the proposed GGLCM method.
The diagram of the proposed GGLCM method.

Fig. 2.

NGC overloaded gearbox fatigue life test bench.
NGC overloaded gearbox fatigue life test bench.

Fig. 3.

Schematic diagram of fault implantation.
Schematic diagram of fault implantation.

Fig. 4.

Fatigue life test procedure of a steel press gearbox.
Fatigue life test procedure of a steel press gearbox.

Fig. 5.

The temporal evolution of variable yTi y_T^i (the results of early anomaly detection on XJTU-SY). (a) Bearing1_1, (b) Bearing1_3, (c) Bearing2_2, (d) Bearing2_4, (e) Bearing3_1, (f) Bearing3_4.
The temporal evolution of variable yTi y_T^i (the results of early anomaly detection on XJTU-SY). (a) Bearing1_1, (b) Bearing1_3, (c) Bearing2_2, (d) Bearing2_4, (e) Bearing3_1, (f) Bearing3_4.

Fig. 6.

The detection result on the NGC dataset.
The detection result on the NGC dataset.

Fig. 7.

Performance comparison of three SOTA methods.
Performance comparison of three SOTA methods.

The detailed results for XJTU-SY datasets_

SubjectInput ratio [%]YFactual [s]YFest [s] yFest*s {y^{F_{est}^*}}\left[ {\rm{s}} \right] Acc* [%]
+10 %+20 %+30 %+0 %+10 %+20 %+30 %
Bearing1_1704 393.954 712.064 712.064 712.064 712.0695.6995.6995.6995.69
Bearing1_3705 578.645 568.235 568.235 568.235 568.2399.8199.8199.8199.81
Bearing2_2702 848.642 949.912 949.912 949.912 949.9196.4496.4496.4496.44
Bearing2_4701 798.431 830.341 830.341 830.341 830.3498.2298.2298.2298.22
Bearing3_47055 195.8656 648.4456 648.4456 648.4456 648.4497.3797.3797.3797.37
Bearing3_5701 346.311 435.741 435.741 435.741 435.7493.3693.3693.3693.36

The parameters of the test gearbox_

ParametersParameter values
TypeMPGH2H900K63H
Rotation speed ratio62.402
Rated power [kW]710
Input rotation speed [rpm]1 490
Maximum input torque [N·m]10 032
Maximum output torque [kN·m]626
Lubricating oil typeISO VG 320
Oil flow rate of lubrication station [l/min]125
Oil mass [l]230
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2025-0019 | Journal eISSN: 1335-8871
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Language: English
Page range: 157 - 163
Submitted on: May 28, 2024
Accepted on: May 16, 2025
Published on: Jul 22, 2025
Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Measurement Science
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open
Keywords:
early anomaly detection,
feature reconstruction,
missing labels,
reliable detection,
real-time detection
Related subjects:
Engineering,
Electrical engineering,
Control engineering, metrology and testing

© 2025 Hu Yu, Xiaoyu Che, Chao Zhang, Rupeng Zhu, Weifang Chen, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Measurement Science
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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