Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Review of Measurement Techniques of Hydrocarbon Flame Equivalence Ratio and Applications of Machine Learning Cover

Review of Measurement Techniques of Hydrocarbon Flame Equivalence Ratio and Applications of Machine Learning

By: Hao Yang,  Yuwen Fu and  Jiansheng Yang  
Open Access
|Apr 2022

References

  1. [1] Yang, X.F., Yu, M.G., Han, S.X., Qi, B.B. (2021). Effect of equivalence ratio and ignition location on premixed syngas-air explosion in a half-open duct. Fuel, 288 (2), 119724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.11972410.1016/j.fuel.2020.119724
  2. [2] Garcıá-Armingol, T., Ballester, J. (2014). Flame chemiluminescence in premixed combustion of hydron-enriched fuels. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39 (21), 11299-11307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.05.10910.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.05.109
  3. [3] Yang, J.B., Gong, Y., Guo, Q., Zhu, H.W., Wang, F.C. Yu, G.S. (2020). Experimental studies of the effects of global equivalence ratio and CO 2 dilution level on the OH* and CH* chemiluminescence in CH 4 /O 2 diffusion flames. Fuel, 278, 118307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.11830710.1016/j.fuel.2020.118307
  4. [4] Kojima, J., Ikeda, Y., Nakajima, T. (2004). Basic aspects of OH(A), CH(A), and C 2 (d) chemiluminescence in the reaction zone of laminar methane–air premixed flames. Combustion and Flame, 140 (1-2), 34-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.10.00210.1016/j.combustflame.2004.10.002
  5. [5] Clark, T.P. (1958). Studies of oh, co, ch, and c (sub 2) radiation from laminar and turbulent propane-air and ethylene-air flames. Technical note 4266, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, DC.
  6. [6] Haber, L.C. (2000). An investigation into the origin, measurement and application of chemiluminescent light emissions from premixed flames. MS Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksbury, VA.
  7. [7] Weber, J.R., Cuccia, D.J., Johnson, W.R., Bearman, G.H., Durkin, A.J., Hsu, M., Lin, A., Binder, D.K., Wilson, D., Tromberg, B.J. (2011). Multispectral imaging of tissue absorption and scattering using spatial frequency domain imaging and a computed-tomography imaging spectrometer. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 16 (1), 011015. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.352862810.1117/1.3528628305558821280902
  8. [8] Fei, X., Yang, J.B., Wei, J.T., Wu, R.M., Song, X.D., Wang, J.F., Yu, G.S. (2021). Investigation of the OH* chemiluminescence characteristics in CH4/O2 lifted flames. Journal of the Energy Institute, 99, 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2021.08.00710.1016/j.joei.2021.08.007
  9. [9] Navakas, R., Saliamonas, A., Striugas, N., Džiugys, A., Paulauskas, R., Zakarauskas, K. (2018). Effect of producer gas addition and air excess ratio on natural gas flame luminescence. Fuel, 217, 478-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.09410.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.094
  10. [10] Huang, H.W., Zhang, Y. (2008). Flame colour characterization in the visible and infrared spectrum using a digital camera and image processing. Measurement Science and Technology, 19 (8), 085406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/19/8/08540610.1088/0957-0233/19/8/085406
  11. [11] Yang, J.S., Ma, Z., Zhang, Y. (2019). Improved colour-modelled CH * and C 2 * measurement using a digital colour camera. Measurement, 141, 235-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.04.01610.1016/j.measurement.2019.04.016
  12. [12] Tripathi, M.M., Krishnan, S.R., Srinivasan, K.K., Yueh, F.Y., Singh, J.P. (2012). Chemiluminescence-based multivariate sensing of local equivalence ratios in premixed atmospheric methane–air flames. Fuel, 93, 684-691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.08.03810.1016/j.fuel.2011.08.038
  13. [13] Brockhinke, A., Krüger, J., Heusing, M., Letzgus, M. (2012). Measurement and simulation of rotationally-resolved chemiluminescence spectra in flames. Applied Physics B, 107 (3), 539-549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-012-5001-110.1007/s00340-012-5001-1
  14. [14] Vogel, M., Bachfischer, M., Kaufmann, J., Sattelmayer, T. (2021). Experimental investigation of equivalence ratio fluctuations in a lean premixed kerosene combustor. Experiments in Fluids, 62, 93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-021-03197-510.1007/s00348-021-03197-5
  15. [15] Bedard, M.J., Fuller, T.L., Sardeshmukh, S., Anderson, W.E. (2020). Chemiluminescence as a diagnostic in studying combustion instability in a practical combustor. Combustion and Flame, 213, 211-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.03910.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.039
  16. [16] Baumgardner, M.E., Harvey, J. (2020). Analyzing OH*, CH*, and C2* chemiluminescence of bifurcating FREI propane-air flames in a micro flow reactor. Combustion and Flame, 221, 349-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.08.00910.1016/j.combustflame.2020.08.009
  17. [17] Song, X., Guo, Q., Hu, C., Gong, Y. Yu, G. (2016). OH* chemiluminescence characteristics and structures of the impinging reaction region in opposed impinging diffusion flames. Energy Fuels, 30 (2), 1428-1436. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b0272110.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02721
  18. [18] He, L., Guo, Q.H., Gong, Y. Wang, F.C. Yu, G.S. (2019). Investigation of OH* chemiluminescence and heat release in laminar methane–oxygen co-flow diffusion flames. Combustion and Flame, 201, 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.12.00910.1016/j.combustflame.2018.12.009
  19. [19] Cho, Y.T., Na, S.J. (2005). Application of Abel inversion in real-time calculations for circularly and elliptically symmetric radiation sources. Measurement Science and Technology, 16, 878-884. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/16/3/03210.1088/0957-0233/16/3/032
  20. [20] Huang, H.W., Zhang, Y. (2010). Digital colour image processing based measurement of premixed CH 4 +air and C 2 H 4 +air flame chemiluminescence. Fuel, 90 (1), 48-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.07.05010.1016/j.fuel.2010.07.050
  21. [21] Huang, H.W., Zhang, Y. (2010). Dynamic application of digital image and colour processing in characterizing flame radiation features. Measurement Science and Technology, 21 (8), 085202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/21/8/08520210.1088/0957-0233/21/8/085202
  22. [22] Huang, H.W., Zhang, Y. (2011). Analysis of the ignition process using a digital image and colour processing technique. Measurement Science and Technology, 22 (7), 075401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/22/7/07540110.1088/0957-0233/22/7/075401
  23. [23] Yang, J., Mossa, F.M.S., Huang, H.W., Wang, Q., Wolley, R., Zhang, Y. (2015). Oscillating flames in open tubes. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 35 (2), 2075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.07.05210.1016/j.proci.2014.07.052
  24. [24] Lubrano, L.M., Brackmann, C., Capriolo, G., Methling, T., Konnov, A.A. (2021). Measurements of the laminar burning velocities and NO concentrations in neat and blended ethanol and n-heptane flames. Fuel, 288, 119585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.11958510.1016/j.fuel.2020.119585
  25. [25] Soid, S.N., Zainal, Z.A. (2011). Spray and combustion characterization for internal combustion engines using optical measuring techniques – a review. Energy, 36, 724-741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.11.02210.1016/j.energy.2010.11.022
  26. [26] Tripathi, M.M., Srinivasan, K.K., Krishnan, S.R., Yueh, F.Y., Singh, J.P. (2013). A comparison of multivariate LIBS and chemiluminescence-based local equivalence ratio measurements in premixed atmospheric methane-air flames. Fuel, 106, 318-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.10.07910.1016/j.fuel.2012.10.079
  27. [27] Meier, W., Keck, O. (2002). Laser Raman scattering in fuel-rich flames: background levels at different excitation wavelengths. Measurement Science and Technology, 13 (5), 741-749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/13/5/31210.1088/0957-0233/13/5/312
  28. [28] He, Y.X., Zhou, W.Q., Ke, C., Xu, T., Zhao, Y. (2021). Review of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in gas detection. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 41 (09), 2681-2687. DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021) 09-2681-07.
  29. [29] Protopopov, V. (2014). Practical Opto-Electronics. Springer, ISBN 978-3319045122.10.1007/978-3-319-04513-9
  30. [30] Michalakou, A., Stavropoulos, P., Couris, S. (2008). Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in reactive flows of hydrocarbon-air mixtures. Applied Physics Letters, 92 (8), 081501. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.283937810.1063/1.2839378
  31. [31] Badawy, T., Hamza, M., Mansour, M.S., Adbel-Hafez, A.H.H., Imam, H., Adbel-Raheem, M.A., Wang, C.M., Lattimore, T. (2019). Lean partially premixed turbulent flame equivalence ratio measurements using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Fuel, 237, 320-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.10.01510.1016/j.fuel.2018.10.015
  32. [32] Zhu, J.J., Wang, M.G., Wu, G., Yan, B., Tian, Y.F., Feng, R., Sun, M.B. (2021). Research progress of laser-induced fluorescence technology in combustion. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 48 (4), 78-110.
  33. [33] Miao, J., Leung, C.W., Cheung, C.S., Huang, Z.H., Jin, W. (2016). Effect of H2 addition on OH distribution of LPG/Air circumferential inverse diffusion flame. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41 (22), 9653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.02.10510.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.02.105
  34. [34] Johchi, A., Pareja, J., Böhm, B., Dreizler, A. (2019). Quantitative mixture fraction imaging of a synthetic biogas turbulent jet propagating into a NO-vitiated air co-flow using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). Experiments in Fluids, 60, 82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-019-2723-410.1007/s00348-019-2723-4
  35. [35] Marrero-Santiago, J., Verdier, A., Brunet, C., Vandel, A., Godard, G., Cabot, G., Boukhalfa, M., Renou, B. (2018). Experimental study of aeronautical ignition in a swirled confined jet-spray burner. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 140 (2), 021502. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.403775210.1115/1.4037752
  36. [36] Balusamy, S., Cessou, A., Lecordier, B. (2014). Laminar propagation of lean premixed flames ignited in stratified mixture. Combustion and Flame, 161 (2), 427-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.08.02310.1016/j.combustflame.2013.08.023
  37. [37] Peterson, B., Reuss, D.L., Sick, V. (2014). On the ignition and flame development in a spray-guided direct-injection spark-ignition engine. Combustion and Flame, 161 (1), 240-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.08.01910.1016/j.combustflame.2013.08.019
  38. [38] Versailles, P., Watson, G.M.G., Lipardi, A.C.A., Bergthorson, J.M. (2016). Quantitative CH measurements in atmospheric-pressure, premixed flames of C1–C4 alkanes. Combustion and Flame, 165, 109-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.11.00110.1016/j.combustflame.2015.11.001
  39. [39] Wehr, L. Meier, W. Kutne, P. Hassa, C. (2007). Single-pulse 1D laser Raman scattering applied in a gas turbine model combustor at elevated pressure. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 31 (2), 3099-3106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.14810.1016/j.proci.2006.07.148
  40. [40] Meier, W., Dem, C., Arndt, C.M. (2016). Mixing and reaction progress in a confined swirl flame undergoing thermo-acoustic oscillations studied with laser Raman scattering. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 73, 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.09.01110.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.09.011
  41. [41] Vilsen, S.B., Stroe, D.-I. (2021). Battery state-of-health modelling by multiple linear regression. Journal of Cleaner Production, 290, 125700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.12570010.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125700
  42. [42] Ge, H., Li, X.L., Li, Y.J., Lu, G., Yan, Y. (2021). Biomass fuel identification using flame spectroscopy and tree model algorithms. Combustion Science and Technology, 193 (6), 1055-1072. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2019.168065410.1080/00102202.2019.1680654
  43. [43] Quinlan, J.R. (1986). Induction of decision trees. Machine Learning, 1, 81-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0011625110.1007/BF00116251
  44. [44] Breiman, L. (2001). Random forests. Machine Learning, 45, 5-32. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:101093340432410.1023/A:1010933404324
  45. [45] Zhou, Z.Y., Ge, Y.F., Liu, Y.Z. (2021). Real-time monitoring of carbon concentration using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and machine learning. Optics Express, 29 (24), 39811-39823. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.44373210.1364/OE.44373234809337
  46. [46] Hangelbroek, T., Ron, A. (2010). Nonlinear approximation using Gaussian kernels. Journal of Functional Analysis, 259 (1), 203-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2010.02.00110.1016/j.jfa.2010.02.001
  47. [47] Shih, F.C., Mitchell, O.R. (1992). A mathematical morphology approach to Euclidean distance transformation. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 1 (2), 197-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/83.13659610.1109/83.13659618296154
  48. [48] Lee, J.W., McGann, B., Hammack, S.D., Carter, C., Lee, T.H., Do, H., Bak, M.S. (2021). Machine learning based quantification of fuel-air equivalence ratio and pressure from laser-induced plasma spectroscopy. Optics Express, 29 (12), 17902-17914. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.42509610.1364/OE.42509634154062
  49. [49] Wang, Y., Yu, Y.F., Zhu, X.L., Zhang, Z.X. (2020). Pattern recognition for measuring the flame stability of gas-fired combustion based on the image processing technology. Fuel, 270, 117486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.11748610.1016/j.fuel.2020.117486
Language: English
Page range: 122 - 135
Submitted on: Dec 23, 2021
|
Accepted on: Feb 28, 2022
|
Published on: Apr 22, 2022
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open

© 2022 Hao Yang, Yuwen Fu, Jiansheng Yang, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Measurement Science
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.