Abstract
This study aims to develop biodegradable materials for sustainable food packaging and household products by enhancing their mechanical strength, barrier properties, and environmental performance. Conducted between January 2022 and July 2023, the research employed a mixed-method experimental design involving material formulation, functional performance testing, and lifecycle assessment (LCA). Three biopolymers – PLA, PHA, and TPS – were reinforced with natural additives such as cellulose, lignin, and nano-fillers. In addition, functional additives including thyme oil, cinnamon oil, tocopherols, and catechins were integrated to create active packaging solutions. The results showed that the modified biopolymers exhibited up to 60% higher mechanical strength and improved thermal and barrier properties. Antimicrobial additives reduced bacterial growth by 60%, while antioxidants extended food shelf life by 30%. Lifecycle analysis revealed a 50% reduction in carbon emissions and lower energy consumption compared to conventional plastics. This study contributes a novel, scalable approach to biodegradable packaging development, offering practical solutions for reducing plastic waste while maintaining product quality and safety. The findings support broader adoption of sustainable materials across packaging and household industries, promoting circular economy practices.