Strengthening of fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete after high-temperature exposure using CFRP sheets
By: Mohammad Y. Khawaji and Aref A. Abadel
References
- Singh, N., Singh, A., Ankur, N., Kumar, P., Kumar, M., Singh, T., Reviewing the properties of recycled concrete aggregates and iron slag in concrete, J. Build. Eng., 2022, 60: 105150. 10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105150
- Singh, G.V.P.B., Subramaniam, K.V.L., Influence of processing temperature on the reaction product and strength gain in alkali-activated fly ash, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2019, 95: 10–18. 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.10.010
- Thakur, M., Bawa, S., Self-compacting geopolymer concrete: a review, Mater. Today Proc., 2022, 59: 1683–1693. 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.400
- Farooq, M., Krishna, A., Banthia, N., Highly ductile fiber reinforced geopolymers under tensile impact, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2022, 126: 104374. 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104374
- Sharma, A., Basumatary, N., Singh, P., Kapoor, K., -Singh, S.P., Potential of geopolymer concrete as substitution for conventional concrete: A review, Mater. Today Proc., 2022, 57: 1539–1545. 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.159
- Pasupathy, K., Berndt, M., Sanjayan, J., Rajeev, P., Cheema, D.S., Durability of low calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete culvert in a saline environment, Cem. Concr. Res., 2017, 100: 297–310. 10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.07.010
- Li, L., Wei, Y., Li, Z., Farooqi, M.U., Rheological and viscoelastic characterizations of fly ash/slag/silica fume-based geopolymer, J. Clean. Prod., 2022, 354: 131629. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131629
- Abdellatief, M., Elrahman, M.A., Abadel, A.A., Wasim, M., Tahwia, A., Ultra-high performance concrete versus ultra-high performance geopolymer concrete: Mechanical performance, microstructure, and ecological assessment, J. Build. Eng., 2023, 79: 107835. 10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107835
- Lee, W.H., Wang, J.H., Ding, Y.C., Cheng, T.W., A study on the characteristics and microstructures of GGBS/FA based geopolymer paste and concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 2019, 211: 807–813. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.291
- Saranya, P., Nagarajan, P., Shashikala, A.P., Performance studies on steel fiber–reinforced GGBS-dolomite geopolymer concrete, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 2021, 33(2): 04020447. 10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003530
- Abadel, A.A., Albidah, A.S., Altheeb, A.H., Alrshoudi, F.A., Abbas, H., Al-Salloum, Y.A., Effect of molar ratios on strength, microstructure & embodied energy of metakaolin geopolymer, Adv. Concr. Constr., 2021, 11: 127–140
- Abadel, A.A., The performance of CFRP-strengthened heat-damaged metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete cylinders containing reclaimed asphalt aggregate, Mater. Sci. Pol., 2024, 42: 125–142
- Alharbi, Y.R., Albidah, A., Synthesis of geopolymer mortar incorporating date palm ash, Constr. Build. Mater., 2024, 449: 138512. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138512
- Talha Junaid, M., Kayali, O., Khennane, A., Response of alkali activated low calcium fly-ash based geopolymer concrete under compressive load at elevated temperatures, Mater. Struct., 2017, 50: 50. 10.1617/s11527-016-0877-6
- Davidovits, J., Geopolymer cement, a review, Geopolymer Institute Technical Pap., 2013, 21: 1–11
- Raza, A., Ahmed, M., Azab, M., Arshad, M., Effectiveness of using nanoparticles in green composites: A scientometric analysis of fresh, mechanical, durability, and microstructural features, Constr. Build. Mater., 2023, 402: 133077. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133077
- Provis, J.L., Geopolymers and other alkali activated materials: why, how, and what?, Mater. Struct., 2013, 47: 11–25. 10.1617/s11527-013-0211-5
- Zheng, Y., Zhang, W., Zheng, L., Zheng, J., Mechanical properties of steel fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete after high temperature exposure, Constr. Build. Mater., 2024, 439: 137394
- Abdullah, A.F., Abdul-Rahman, M.B.A.D., Al-Attar, A.A., Investigate the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of fibrous-geopolymer concrete exposure to high temperatures, J. Rehabil. Civ. Eng., 2026, 14(1): 2141. 10.22075/jrce.2025.34716.2141.
- Sitarz, M., Figiela, B., Łach, M., Korniejenko, K., Mróz, K., Castro-Gomes, J., et al., Mechanical response of geopolymer foams to heating – Managing coal gangue in fire-resistant materials technology, Energies (Basel), 2022, 15: 3363
- Zhang, P., Feng, Z., Guo, J., Zheng, Y., Yuan, P., Mechanical behavior and microscopic damage mechanism of hybrid fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete at elevated temperature, Ceram. Int., 2024, 50: 53851–53866
- Tu, W., Zhang, M., Behaviour of alkali-activated concrete at elevated temperatures: A critical review, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2023, 138: 104961
- Vaičiukynienė, D., Nizevičienė, D., Kielė, A., Janavičius, E., Pupeikis, D., Effect of phosphogypsum on the stability upon firing treatment of alkali-activated slag, Constr. Build. Mater., 2018, 184: 485–491. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.213
- Li, L., Guan, J., Xie, Y., Cao, M., Characterization of bending performance of reinforced cementitious composites beams with hybrid fibers after exposure to high temperatures, Struct. Concr., 2021, 23: 395–411. 10.1002/suco.202100078
- Abbas, A.G.N., Aziz, F.N.A.A., Abdan, K., Nasir, N.A.M., Huseien, G.F., A state-of-the-art review on fibre-reinforced geopolymer composites, Constr. Build. Mater., 2022, 330: 127187. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127187
- Ranjbar, N., Zhang, M., Fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites: A review, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2020, 107: 103498
- Khan, M.Z.N., Hao, Y., Hao, H., Shaikh, F.U.A., Liu, K., Mechanical properties of ambient cured high-strength plain and hybrid fiber reinforced geopolymer composites from triaxial compressive tests, Constr. Build. Mater., 2018, 185: 338–353. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.092
- Niş, A., Eren, N.A., Çevik, A., Effects of recycled tyre rubber and steel fibre on the impact resistance of slag-based self-compacting alkali-activated concrete, Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng., 2022, 27: 519–537. 10.1080/19648189.2022.2052967
- Zhao, J., Trindade, A.C.C., Liebscher, M., de Andrade Silva, F., Mechtcherine, V., A review of the role of elevated temperatures on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced geopolymer (FRG) composites, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2023, 137: 104885
- He, P., Jia, D., Lin, T., Wang, M., Zhou, Y., Effects of high-temperature heat treatment on the mechanical properties of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced geopolymer composites, Ceram. Int., 2010, 36: 1447–1453
- Zhao, Q., Nair, B., Rahimian, T., Balaguru, P., Novel geopolymer based composites with enhanced ductility, J. Mater. Sci., 2007, 42: 3131–3137
- Zhang, H., Sarker, P.K., Wang, Q., He, B., Kuri, J.C., Jiang, Z., Comparison of compressive, flexural, and temperature-induced ductility behaviours of steel-PVA hybrid fibre reinforced OPC and geopolymer concretes after high temperatures exposure, Constr. Build. Mater., 2023, 399: 132560
- Abadel, A., Elsanadedy, H., Almusallam, T., Alaskar, A., Abbas, H., Al-Salloum, Y., Residual compressive strength of plain and fiber reinforced concrete after exposure to different heating and cooling regimes, Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng., 2022, 26: 6746–6765
- Albidah, A., Abadel, A., Alrshoudi, F., Altheeb, A., Abbas, H., Al-Salloum, Y., Bond strength between concrete substrate and metakaolin geopolymer repair mortars at ambient and elevated temperatures, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2020, 9: 10732–10745
- Abadel, A.A., Alharbi, Y.R., Confinement effectiveness of CFRP strengthened ultra-high performance concrete cylinders exposed to elevated temperatures, Mater. Sci.-Poland, 2021, 39: 478–490. 10.2478/msp-2021-0040
- Wang, J.J., Zhang, S.S., Nie, X.F., Yu, T., Compressive behavior of FRP-confined ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC), Compos. Struct., 2023, 312: 116879
- Zeng, X., Deng, K., Liang, H., Xu, R., Zhao, C., Cui, B., Uniaxial behavior and constitutive model of reinforcement confined coarse aggregate UHPC, Eng. Struct., 2020, 207: 110261
- Qaidi, S., Al-Kamaki, Y.S.S., Al-Mahaidi, R., Mohammed, A.S., Ahmed, H.U., Zaid, O., et al., Investigation of the effectiveness of CFRP strengthening of concrete made with recycled waste PET fine plastic aggregate, PLoS One, 2022, 17: e0269664
- Alzeebaree, R., Çevik, A., Mohammedameen, A., Niş, A., Gülşan, M.E., Mechanical performance of FRP-confined geopolymer concrete under seawater attack, Adv. Struct. Eng., 2020, 23: 1055–1073
- ASTM C618-15: Specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2015. 10.1520/C0618-15
- ASTM D3039, Standard test method for tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2003, 10.1520/D3039_D3039M-08
- Alharbi, Y.R., Abadel, A.A., Alqarni, A.S., Binyahya, A.S., Compressive behavior of metakaolin–fly-ash-based geopolymer fiber-reinforced concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures, Mater. Sci.-Poland, 2025, 42: 1–17
- ASTM C39/C39M-17b: Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2017. 10.1520/C0039_C0039M-17B
- Albidah, A., Alqarni, A.S., Abbas, H., Almusallam, T., Al-Salloum, Y., Behavior of metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete at ambient and elevated temperatures, Constr. Build. Mater., 2022, 317: 125910
- Elsanadedy, H., Almusallam, T., Al-Salloum, Y., Iqbal, R., Effect of high temperature on structural response of reinforced concrete circular columns strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer composites, J. Compos. Mater., 2017, 51: 333–355
- Alwesabi, E.A., Bakar, B.H.A., Alshaikh, I.M.H., Akil, H.M., Impact resistance of plain and rubberized concrete containing steel and polypropylene hybrid fiber, Mater. Today Commun., 2020, 25: 101640
- Alwesabi, E.A.H., Bakar, B.H.A., Alshaikh, I.M.H., Abadel, A.A., Alghamdi, H., Wasim, M., An experimental study of compressive toughness of steel–polypropylene hybrid fibre-reinforced concrete, Structures, 2022, 37: 379–388, Elsevier
- Thomas, J., Ramaswamy, A., Mechanical properties of steel fiber-reinforced concrete, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 2007, 19: 385–392
- Abadel, A.A., Flexural behaviour of RC beams with a UHPFRC top layer and hybrid reinforcement of steel and glass fiber reinforced polymer bars, Case Stud. Constr. Mater., 2024, 21: e04017. 10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04017
- Xiao, S., Cai, Y., Guo, Y., Lin, J., Liu, G., Lan, X., et al., Experimental study on axial compressive performance of polyvinyl alcohol fibers reinforced fly ash – slag geopolymer composites, Polymers (Basel), 2021, 14: 142
- Zhong, H., Zhang, M., Effect of recycled tyre polymer fibre on engineering properties of sustainable strain hardening geopolymer composites, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2021, 122: 104167
- Batista, R.P., Trindade, A.C.C., Borges, P.H.R., Silva, F.D.A., Silica fume as precursor in the development of sustainable and high-performance MK-based alkali-activated materials reinforced with short PVA fibers, Front. Mater., 2019, 6: 77
- Ekaputri, J.J., Junaedi, S., Effect of curing temperature and fiber on metakaolin-based geopolymer, Procedia Eng., 2017, 171: 572–583
- Zhang, P., Feng, Z., Yuan, W., Hu, S., Yuan, P., Effect of PVA fiber on properties of geopolymer composites: A comprehensive review, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2024, 29: 4086–4101. 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.02.151
- Kong, D.L.Y., Sanjayan, J.G., Damage behavior of geopolymer composites exposed to elevated temperatures, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2008, 30: 986–991
- Zhang, H.Y., Kodur, V., Qi, S.L., Cao, L., Wu, B., Development of metakaolin–fly ash based geopolymers for fire resistance applications, Constr. Build. Mater., 2014, 55: 38–45
- Abadel, A., Abbas, H., Albidah, A., Almusallam, T., Al-Salloum, Y., Effectiveness of GFRP strengthening of normal and high strength fiber reinforced concrete after exposure to heating and cooling, Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J., 2022, 36: 101147
- Sarker, P.K., Kelly, S., Yao, Z., Effect of fire exposure on cracking, spalling and residual strength of fly ash geopolymer concrete, Mater. Des., 2014, 63: 584–592
- Gülşan, M.E., Alzeebaree, R., Rasheed, A.A., Niş, A., Kurtoğlu, A.E., Development of fly ash/slag based self-compacting geopolymer concrete using nano-silica and steel fiber, Constr. Build. Mater., 2019, 211: 271–283. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.228
- Peng, Z., Kong, L.X., A thermal degradation mechanism of polyvinyl alcohol/silica nanocomposites, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 2007, 92: 1061–1071
- Zhang, P., Han, X., Zheng, Y., Wan, J., Hui, D., Effect of PVA fiber on mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete, Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci., 2021, 60: 418–437
- Sarkar, M., Dana, K., Partial replacement of metakaolin with red ceramic waste in geopolymer, Ceram. Int., 2021, 47: 3473–3483
- Vora, P.R., Dave, U.V., Parametric studies on compressive strength of geopolymer concrete, Procedia Eng., 2013, 51: 210–219
- Aly, A.M., El-Feky, M.S., Kohail, M., Nasr, E.S.A.R., Performance of geopolymer concrete containing recycled rubber, Constr. Build. Mater., 2019, 207: 136–144
- Bisby, L.A., Chen, J.F., Li, S.Q., Stratford, T.J., Cueva, N., Crossling, K., Strengthening fire-damaged concrete by confinement with fibre-reinforced polymer wraps, Eng. Struct., 2011, 33: 3381–3391
- Abadel, A.A., Masmoudi, R., Khan, M.I., Axial behavior of square and circular concrete columns confined with CFRP sheets under elevated temperatures: Comparison with welded-wire mesh steel confinement, Structures, 2022, 45: 126–144.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2025-0028 | Journal eISSN: 2083-134X (formerly 2083-124X) | Journal ISSN: 2083-1331
Language: English
Page range: 31 - 49
Submitted on: Jul 20, 2025
Accepted on: Aug 22, 2025
Published on: Sep 3, 2025
Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2025 Mohammad Y. Khawaji, Aref A. Abadel, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.