Optimizing δ-ferrite structure to enhance high-temperature elongation in ER308L stainless steel deposited metal Cover

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Optimizing δ-ferrite structure to enhance high-temperature elongation in ER308L stainless steel deposited metal

Materials Science-Poland

Volume 43 (2025): Issue 2 (June 2025)

By: Cong Jiang, Yanchang Qi, ZiXin Xu, Guangchang Yang and Chengyong Ma

Open Access

|Jun 2025

Figures & Tables

From ferrite content to morphology control: A 350°C-ready pathway for nuclear-grade ER308L weld.

Schematic diagram of experimental material preparation: (a) Dimensions and specimen locations of the weldments. (b) Schematic representation of the deposition process. (c) Tensile specimen machining drawing. (d) Schematic diagram of the testing area of the FERITSCOPE FMP30 ferrite tester.

Metallographic microstructures of the deposited metals: (a) No. 1, (b) No. 2, and (c) No. 3.

SEM morphology and EDS analysis of δ-ferrite in deposited metals: (a–c) No. 1, (d–f) No. 2, and (g–i) No. 3.

Stress–strain curves of deposited metals: (a) room temperature and (b) 350°C.

High-temperature tensile fracture morphology of the deposited metal: (a–c) No. 1, (d–f) No. 2, and (g–i) No. 3.

Figure 7

$SEM results of high-temperature stretching fracture profile: (a–c) No. 1, (d–f) No. 2, and (g–i) No. 3.$

SEM results of high-temperature stretching fracture profile: (a–c) No. 1, (d–f) No. 2, and (g–i) No. 3.

Welding parameters_

Test plate	Current (A)	Voltage (V)	Welding speed (cm/min)	Heat input (kJ/cm)	Shield gas	Gas flow rate (L/min)
No. 1	180–220	10–16	9	15	100% Ar	10
No. 2	180–220	10–16	17	11	100% Ar	10
No. 3	180–220	16–24	24	11	97% Ar + 3% N₂	10

Room temperature and high-temperature tensile properties of the deposited metal_

Temperature (°C)	Specimen	YS (MPa)	UTS (MPa)	Elongation (%)
23	No. 1	427	570	40.5
	No. 2	421	557	44.5
	No. 3	403	561	40.5
350	No. 1	339	379	26
	No. 2	322	359	29
	No. 3	284	371	32

Chemical composition of the molten metal (wt%), value of Creq, Nieq_

Material	C	Si	Mn	S	P	Cr
No. 1	0.011	0.37	1.53	0.021	0.0090	19.54
No. 2	0.012	0.16	1.92	0.014	0.0004	19.90
No. 3	0.011	0.26	1.56	0.008	0.0020	19.57

Ferrite content of deposited metal_

Deposited metal	Ferrite content (%)
	Based on the magnetic method								Based on the Delong plot
	Site	1	2	3	4	5	Average	Average	Calculated value
No. 1	1	12.4	12.5	11.0	11.5	9.5	11.4	11.6 ± 1.0	10.2
	2	10.2	11.8	11.5	11.8	10.7	11.2
	3	11.2	12.1	11.4	11.6	11.0	11.5
	4	11.9	11.7	11.6	11.5	10.6	11.5
	5	11.9	11.7	11.5	11.5	11.1	11.5
	6	11.5	13.5	13.7	13.8	10.5	12.6
No. 2	1	10.5	10.1	10.4	10.7	11.0	10.5	9.8 ± 0.7	9.4
	2	8.3	8.9	9.6	9.3	9.4	9.1
	3	7.7	9.0	10.5	10.1	9.4	9.3
	4	7.9	9.4	10.6	9.7	8.9	9.3
	5	10.0	9.6	9.9	10.0	9.4	9.8
	6	10.4	10.5	10.1	11.0	10.4	10.5
No. 3	1	6.8	7.0	6.5	7.7	7.0	7.0	7.4 ± 0.6	6.2
	2	7.1	6.7	7.0	6.7	7.0	6.9
	3	6.9	7.3	7.0	7.4	7.5	7.2
	4	6.7	7.4	7.2	8.2	8.8	7.7
	5	7.6	8.1	7.9	7.8	8.4	8.0
	6	7.5	7.3	7.3	7.9	8.3	7.7

Chemical compositions of ER308L wire and base metal_

Material	Elemental content (wt%)
Material	C	Si	Mn	S	P	Cr	Ni
304L	0.052	0.48	1.08	<0.002	0.0390	18.23	8.39
ER308L-1	0.016	0.36	1.50	<0.002	0.0170	19.57	9.91
ER308L-2	0.016	0.14	1.98	0.0007	0.0140	19.90	9.78
ER308L-3	0.021	0.22	1.69	0.0120	0.0022	19.71	9.90

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2025-0018 | Journal eISSN: 2083-134X | Journal ISSN: 2083-1331

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Language: English

Page range: 52 - 62

Submitted on: Jan 13, 2025

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Accepted on: Apr 11, 2025

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Published on: Jun 30, 2025

Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

High-temperature elongation,

308L stainless steel,

microstructure,

Related subjects:

Materials sciences,

Materials sciences, other,

Functional and smart materials,

Materials characterization and properties

© 2025 Cong Jiang, Yanchang Qi, ZiXin Xu, Guangchang Yang, Chengyong Ma, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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