Additive manufacturing with geopolymer foams: A critical review of current progress
References
- Chen, C., Xu, R., Tong, D., Qin, X., Cheng, J., Liu, J., et al., A striking growth of CO2 emissions from the global cement industry driven by new facilities in emerging countries, Environ. Res. Lett., 2022, 17(4): 044007. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac48b5
- He, Z., Zhu, X., Wang, J., Mu, M., Wang, Y., Comparison of CO2 emissions from OPC and recycled cement production, Constr. Build. Mater., 2019, 211: 965–973. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.289
- Zhang, Z., Provis, J.L., Reid, A., Wang, H., Geopolymer foam concrete: An emerging material for sustainable construction, Constr. Build. Mater., 2014, 56: 113–127. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.081
- Alves, L.A., Nogueira, A., Vazquez, E., De Barros, S., A bibliographic historical analysis on geopolymer as a substitute for Portland cement, KEM, 2020, 834: 127–131. 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.834.127
- Davidovits, J., Geopolymers and geopolymeric materials, J. Therm. Anal., 1989, 35(2): 429–441. 10.1007/BF01904446
- Davidovits, J., Geopolymer cement a review, published in geopolymer science and technics, Tech. Pap., 2013, 21: 1–11
- Aslan, S., Erkan, İ.H., The effects of fly ash, blast furnace slag, and limestone powder on the physical and mechanical properties of geopolymer mortar, Appl. Sci., 2024, 14(2): 553. 10.3390/app14020553
- Zhang, H.Y., Kodur, V., Qi, S.L., Cao, L., Wu, B., Development of metakaolin–fly ash based geopolymers for fire resistance applications, Constr. Build. Mater., 2014, 55: 38–45. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.040
- Bleszynski, R., Hooton, R.D., Thomas, M.D., Rogers, C.A., Durability of ternary blend concrete with silica fume and blast-furnace slag: laboratory and outdoor exposure site studies, ACI Mater. J.-Am. Concr. Inst., 2002, 99(5): 499–508. 10.14359/12329
- Mayhoub, O.A., Nasr, E.S.A., Ali, Y., Kohail, M., Properties of slag based geopolymer reactive powder concrete, Ain Shams Eng. J., 2021, 12(1): 99–105. 10.1016/j.asej.2020.08.013
- Liu, Y.L., Liu, C., Qian, L.P., Wang, A.G., Sun, D.S., Guo, D., Foaming processes and properties of geopolymer foam concrete: Effect of the activator, Constr. Build. Mater., 2023, 391: 131830. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131830
- Wang, X., Cui, H., Zhou, H., Song, T., Zhang, H., Liu, H., et al., Mechanical properties and energy absorption performance of foamed geopolymer under quasi-static and dynamic compression, Constr. Build. Mater., 2023, 404: 133296. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133296
- Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Li, X., Tian, D., Ma, M., Wang, T., Optimized pore structure and high permeability of metakaolin/fly-ash-based geopolymer foams from Al– and H2O2–sodium oleate foaming systems, Ceram. Int., 2022, 48(13): 18348–18360. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.03.094
- Le, V.S., Louda, P., Tran, H.N., Nguyen, P.D., Bakalova, T., Ewa Buczkowska, K., et al., Study on temperature-dependent properties and fire resistance of metakaolin-based geopolymer foams, Polymers, 2020, 12(12): 2994. 10.3390/polym12122994
- Wang, Z., Liu, S., Wu, K., Li, M., Zhang, X., Huang, L., Durability against dry–wet and freeze–thaw cycles of alkali residue-based foamed concrete, Mater. Struct., 2024, 57(3): 51. 10.1617/s11527-024-02318-w
- Dhasindrakrishna, K., Pasupathy, K., Ramakrishnan, S., Sanjayan, J., Progress, current thinking and challenges in geopolymer foam concrete technology, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2021, 116: 103886. 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103886
- Alghamdi, H., Neithalath, N., Synthesis and characterization of 3D-printable geopolymeric foams for thermally efficient building envelope materials, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2019, 104: 103377. 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103377
- Gosselin, C., Duballet, R., Roux, P., Gaudillière, N., Dirrenberger, J., Morel, P., Large-scale 3D printing of ultra-high performance concrete – a new processing route for architects and builders, Mater. Des., 2016, 100: 102–109. 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.097
- Bedarf, P., Szabo, A., Zanini, M., Dillenburger, B., Robotic 3D printing of geopolymer foam for lightweight and insulating building elements, 3D Print. Addit. Manuf., 2024, 11(1): 1–9. 10.1089/3dp.2023.0183
- Novais, R.M., Pullar, R.C., Labrincha, J.A., Geopolymer foams: An overview of recent advancements, Prog. Mater. Sci., 2020, 109: 100621. 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.100621
- Bedarf, P., Dutto, A., Zanini, M., Dillenburger, B., Foam 3D printing for construction: A review of applications, materials, and processes, Autom. Constr., 2021, 130: 103861. 10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103861
- Ismail, A.H., Kusbiantoro, A., Tajunnisa, Y., Ekaputrc, J.J., Laory, I., A review of aluminosilicate sources from inorganic waste for geopolymer production: Sustainable approach for hydrocarbon waste disposal, Clean. Mater., 2024, 13: 100259. 10.1016/j.clema.2024.100259
- Davidovits, J., Inorganic polymeric new materials. J. Therm. Anal., 1991, 37: 1633–1656
- Wang, Y.S., Alrefaei, Y., Dai, J.G., Silico-aluminophosphate and alkali-aluminosilicate geopolymers: a comparative review, Front. Mater., 2019, 6: 106. 10.3389/fmats.2019.00106
- Zhuang, X.Y., Chen, L., Komarneni, S., Zhou, C.H., Tong, D.S., Yang, H.M., et al., Fly ash-based geopolymer: clean production, properties and applications, J. Clean. Prod., 2016, 125: 253–267. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.019
- Papa, E., Medri, V., Kpogbemabou, D., Morinière, V., Laumonier, J., Vaccari, A., et al., Porosity and insulating properties of silica-fume based foams, Energy Build., 2016, 131: 223–232. 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.09.031
- Vanathi, V., Nagarajan, V., Jagadesh, P., Influence of sugarcane bagasse ash on mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete, J. Build. Eng., 2023, 79: 107836. 10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107836
- Kaur, K., Singh, J., Kaur, M., Compressive strength of rice husk ash based geopolymer: The effect of alkaline activator, Constr. Build. Mater., 2018, 169: 188–192. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.200
- Hamada, H.M., Alattar, A.A., Yahaya, F.M., Muthusamy, K., Tayeh, B.A., Mechanical properties of semi-lightweight concrete containing nano-palm oil clinker powder, Phys. Chem. Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2021, 121: 102977. 10.1016/j.pce.2021.102977
- Nduka, D.O., Olawuyi, B.J., Ajao, A.M., Okoye, V.C., Okigbo, O.M., Mechanical and durability property dimensions of sustainable bamboo leaf ash in high-performance concrete, Clean. Eng. Technol., 2022, 11: 100583. 10.1016/j.clet.2022.100583
- Rao, F., Liu, Q., Geopolymerization and its potential application in mine tailings consolidation: a review, Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev., 2015, 36(6): 399–409. 10.1080/08827508.2015.1055625
- Ahmari, S., Zhang, L., Durability and leaching behavior of mine tailings-based geopolymer bricks, Constr. Build. Mater., 2013, 44: 743–750. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.075
- Burduhos Nergis, D.D., Vizureanu, P., Sandu, A.V., Burduhos Nergis, D.P., Bejinariu, C., XRD and TG-DTA study of new phosphate-based geopolymers with coal ash or metakaolin as aluminosilicate source and mine tailings addition, Materials, 2021, 15(1): 202. 10.3390/ma15010202
- Duxson, P., Fernández-Jiménez, A., Provis, J.L., Lukey, G.C., Palomo, A., van Deventer, J.S., Geopolymer technology: the current state of the art, J. Mater. Sci., 2007, 42(9): 2917–2933, 10.1007/s10853-006-0637-z
- ASTM International. (2022). ASTM C618-22: Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, Pennsylvania. 10.1520/C0618-22
- McLellan, B.C., Williams, R.P., Lay, J., Van Riessen, A., Corder, G.D., Costs and carbon emissions for geopolymer pastes in comparison to ordinary portland cement, J. Clean. Prod., 2011, 19(9–10): 1080–1090. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.02.010
- Su, L., Fu, G., Liang, B., Sun, Q., Zhang, X., Mechanical properties and microstructure evaluation of fly ash - Slag geopolymer foaming materials, Ceram. Int., 2022, 48(13): 18224–18237. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.03.081
- Etli, S., Evaluation of the effect of silica fume on the fresh, mechanical and durability properties of self-compacting concrete produced by using waste rubber as fine aggregate, J. Clean. Prod., 2023, 384: 135590. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135590
- Amran, M., Debbarma, S., Ozbakkaloglu, T., Fly ash-based eco-friendly geopolymer concrete: A critical review of the long-term durability properties, Constr. Build. Mater., 2021, 270: 121857. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121857
- Abdollahnejad, Z., Pacheco-Torgal, F., Félix, T., Tahri, W., Aguiar, J.B., Mix design, properties and cost analysis of fly ash-based geopolymer foam, Constr. Build. Mater., 2015, 80: 18–30. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.01.063
- Wang, G.C., The utilization of slag in civil infrastructure construction, Elsevier, Woodhead publishing, Duxford, UK, 2016. 10.1016/C2014-0-03995-0
- ASTM International. (2018). ASTM C989/C989M-18a: Specification for slag cement for use in concrete and mortars, 2013. Pennsylvania. 10.1520/C0989_C0989M-18A
- Khater, H.M., Effect of silica fume on the characterization of the geopolymer materials, Int. J. Adv. Struct. Eng., 2013, 5(1): 12. 10.1186/2008-6695-5-12
- Jena, S., Panigrahi, R., Sahu, P. (2019). Effect of Silica Fume on the Properties of Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete. In B. B. Das & N. Neithalath (Eds.), Lecture notes in Civil Engineering 25. Sustainable Construction and Building Materials, Springer Nature Singapore, (pp. 145–153). 10.1007/978-981-13-3317-0_13
- Shakouri, S., Bayer, Ö., Erdoğan, S.T., Development of silica fume-based geopolymer foams, Constr. Build. Mater., 2020, 260: 120442. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120442
- Malkawi, A.B., Nuruddin, M.F., Fauzi, A., Almattarneh, H., Mohammed, B.S., Effects of alkaline solution on properties of the HCFA geopolymer mortars, Procedia Eng., 2016, 148: 710–717. 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.581
- Esparham, A., Moradikhou, A.B., Jamshidi Avanaki, M., Effect of various alkaline activator solutions on compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete, Jcema, 2020, 4(2): 115–123. 10.22034/jcema.2020.224071.1018
- Ma, C., Zhao, B., Guo, S., Long, G., Xie, Y., Properties and characterization of green one-part geopolymer activated by composite activators, J. Clean. Prod., 2019, 220: 188–199. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.159
- Chen, B., Wang, J., Zhao, J., Effect of sodium aluminate dosage as a solid alkaline activator on the properties of alkali‐activated slag paste, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2021, 2021(1): 6658588. 10.1155/2021/6658588
- Le-Ping, L., Xue-Min, C., Shu-Heng, Q., Jun-Li, Y., Lin, Z., Preparation of phosphoric acid-based porous geopolymers, Appl. Clay Sci., 2010, 50(4): 600–603. 10.1016/j.clay.2010.10.004
- Zhang, B., Guo, H., Yuan, P., Deng, L., Zhong, X., Li, Y., et al., Novel acid-based geopolymer synthesized from nanosized tubular halloysite: The role of precalcination temperature and phosphoric acid concentration, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2020, 110: 103601. 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103601
- Pu, S., Zhu, Z., Song, W., Huo, W., Zhang, J., Mechanical and microscopic properties of fly ash phosphoric acid-based geopolymer paste: A comprehensive study, Constr. Build. Mater., 2021, 299: 123947. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123947
- Lin, H., Liu, H., Li, Y., Kong, X., Properties and reaction mechanism of phosphoric acid activated metakaolin geopolymer at varied curing temperatures, Cem. Concr. Res., 2021, 144: 106425. 10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106425
- Song, Y., Xue, C., Guo, W., Bai, Y., Shi, Y., Zhao, Q., Foamed geopolymer insulation materials: Research progress on insulation performance and durability, J. Clean. Prod., 2024, 444: 140991. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140991
- Kočí, V., Černý, R., Directly foamed geopolymers: A review of recent studies, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2022, 130: 104530. 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104530
- Huang, Z., Zhang, T., Wen, Z., Proportioning and characterization of Portland cement-based ultra-lightweight foam concretes, Constr. Build. Mater., 2015, 79: 390–396. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.01.051
- Medri, V., Papa, E., Dedecek, J., Jirglova, H., Benito, P., Vaccari, A., et al., Effect of metallic Si addition on polymerization degree of in situ foamed alkali-aluminosilicates, Ceram. Int., 2013, 39(7): 7657–7668. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.02.104
- Gualtieri, M.L., Cavallini, A., Romagnoli, M., Interactive powder mixture concept for the preparation of geopolymers with fine porosity, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2016, 36(10): 2641–2646. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.03.030
- Pantongsuk, T., Kittisayarm, P., Muenglue, N., Benjawan, S., Thavorniti, P., Tippayasam, C., et al., Effect of hydrogen peroxide and bagasse ash additions on thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of geopolymer foams, Mater. Today Commun., 2021, 26: 102149. 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102149
- Huang, Y., Gong, L., Shi, L., Cao, W., Pan, Y., Cheng, X., Experimental investigation on the influencing factors of preparing porous fly ash-based geopolymer for insulation material, Energy Build., 2018, 168: 9–18. 10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.02.043
- Yan, S., Zhang, F., Liu, J., Ren, B., He, P., Jia, D., et al., Green synthesis of high porosity waste gangue microsphere/geopolymer composite foams via hydrogen peroxide modification, J. Clean. Prod., 2019, 227: 483–494. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.185
- Novais, R.M., Ascensão, G., Ferreira, N., Seabra, M.P., Labrincha, J.A., Influence of water and aluminium powder content on the properties of waste-containing geopolymer foams, Ceram. Int., 2018, 44(6): 6242–6249. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.01.009
- Hajimohammadi, A., Ngo, T., Mendis, P., How does aluminium foaming agent impact the geopolymer formation mechanism?, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2017, 80: 277–286. 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.03.022
- Anggarini, U., Pratapa, S., Purnomo, V., Sukmana, N.C., A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis, Open. Chem., 2019, 17(1): 629–638. 10.1515/chem-2019-0073
- Łach, M., Pławecka, K., Bąk, A., Lichocka, K., Korniejenko, K., Cheng, A., et al., Determination of the influence of hydraulic additives on the foaming process and stability of the produced geopolymer foams, Materials, 2021, 14(17): 5090. 10.3390/ma14175090
- Bai, C., Colombo, P., High-porosity geopolymer membrane supports by peroxide route with the addition of egg white as surfactant, Ceram. Int., 2017, 43(2): 2267–2273. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.10.205
- Bai, C., Ni, T., Wang, Q., Li, H., Colombo, P., Porosity, mechanical and insulating properties of geopolymer foams using vegetable oil as the stabilizing agent, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2018, 38(2): 799–805. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.09.021
- Korat, L., Ducman, V., The influence of the stabilizing agent SDS on porosity development in alkali-activated fly-ash based foams, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2017, 80: 168–174. 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.03.010
- Liu, Z., Shao, N.N., Qin, J.F., Kong, F.L., Wang, C.X, Wang, D.M., Strength and thermal behavior of low weight foam geopolymer using circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash, J. Cent. South. Univ., 2015, 22(9): 3633–3640. 10.1007/s11771-015-2904-0
- Masi, G., Rickard, W.D., Vickers, L., Bignozzi, M.C., Van Riessen, A., A comparison between different foaming methods for the synthesis of light weight geopolymers, Ceram. Int., 2014, 40(9): 13891–13902. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.05.108
- Guo, S., Wang, W., Jia, Z., Qi, X., Zhu, H., Liu, X., Nanoparticle-stabilized foam with controllable structure for enhanced foamed concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 2023, 362: 129723. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129723
- Tiyasangthong, S., Yoosuk, P., Krosoongnern, K., Krittacom, B., Nachaisit, P., Suksiripattanapong, C., Unit weight, strengths and thermal conductivity of cellular lightweight fly ash geopolymer mortar reinforced with polyvinyl alcohol, Civ. Eng. Archit., 2022, 10(7): 2943–2952. 10.13189/cea.2022.100713
- Nodehi, M., A comparative review on foam-based versus lightweight aggregate-based alkali-activated materials and geopolymer, Innov. Infrastruct. Solut., 2021, 6(4): 231. 10.1007/s41062-021-00595-w
- Liu, M.Y.J., Alengaram, U.J., Jumaat, M.Z., Mo, K.H., Evaluation of thermal conductivity, mechanical and transport properties of lightweight aggregate foamed geopolymer concrete, Energy Build., 2014, 72: 238–245. 10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.12.029
- Pasupathy, K., Ramakrishnan, S., Sanjayan, J., Enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties of aerated geopolymer concrete using porous lightweight aggregates, Constr. Build. Mater., 2020, 264: 120713. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120713
- Wang, J., Li, X., Hu, Y., Li, Y., Hu, P., Zhao, Y., Physical and high temperature properties of basalt fiber-reinforced geopolymer foam with hollow microspheres, Constr. Build. Mater., 2024, 411: 134698. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134698
- Zhang, N., Wang, B., Yue, D., Pan, D., Wang, H., Li, J., et al., Waste liquid-added regeneration activator to enhance the pore structure and compressive strength of geopolymer-foam-fiber: A sustainable strategy of kenaf fiber pretreatment and reuse, Process. Saf. Environ. Prot., 2023, 170: 536–544. 10.1016/j.psep.2022.12.011
- Wang, Y., Zheng, T., Zheng, X., Liu, Y., Darkwa, J., Zhou, G., Thermo-mechanical and moisture absorption properties of fly ash-based lightweight geopolymer concrete reinforced by polypropylene fibers, Constr. Build. Mater., 2020, 251: 118960. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118960
- Mackenzie, K.J.D., Welter, M., Geopolymer (aluminosilicate) composites: synthesis, properties and applications, In Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites, Elsevier, Woodhead publishing, Cambridge, UK, 2014, pp. 445–470. 10.1533/9780857098825.3.445
- Xu, H., Van Deventer, J.S.J., The geopolymerisation of alumino-silicate minerals, Int. J. Miner. Process., 2000, 59(3): 247–266. 10.1016/S0301-7516(99)00074-5
- Li, T., Huang, F., Zhu, J., Tang, J., Liu, J., Effect of foaming gas and cement type on the thermal conductivity of foamed concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 2020, 231: 117197. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117197
- Bai, C., Colombo, P., Processing, properties and applications of highly porous geopolymers: A review, Ceram. Int., 2018, 44(14): 16103–16118. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.05.219
- Sharma, S., Medpelli, D., Chen, S., Seo, D.K., Calcium-modified hierarchically porous aluminosilicate geopolymer as a highly efficient regenerable catalyst for biodiesel production, RSC Adv., 2015, 5(80): 65454–65461. 10.1039/C5RA01823D
- Zhang, Z., Provis, J.L., Reid, A., Wang, H., Mechanical, thermal insulation, thermal resistance and acoustic absorption properties of geopolymer foam concrete, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2015, 62: 97–105. 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.03.013
- Franchin, G., Scanferla, P., Zeffiro, L., Elsayed, H., Baliello, A., Giacomello, G., et al., Direct ink writing of geopolymeric inks, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2017, 37(6): 2481–2489. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.01.030
- Barve, P., Bahrami, A., Shah, S., Geopolymer 3D printing: a comprehensive review on rheological and structural performance assessment, printing process parameters, and microstructure, Front. Mater., 2023, 10: 1241869. 10.3389/fmats.2023.1241869
- Muthukrishnan, S., Ramakrishnan, S., Sanjayan, J., Effect of microwave heating on interlayer bonding and buildability of geopolymer 3D concrete printing, Constr. Build. Mater., 2020, 265: 120786. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120786
- Wu, Y., Wang, J.Y., Monteiro, P.J., Zhang, M.H., Development of ultra-lightweight cement composites with low thermal conductivity and high specific strength for energy efficient buildings, Constr. Build. Mater., 2015, 87: 100–112. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.04.004
- Góra, M., Bańkosz, M., Tyliszczak, B., Use of innovative methods to produce highly insulating walls using 3D-printing technology, Materials, 2024, 17(16): 3990. 10.3390/ma17163990
- Ziejewska, C., Marczyk, J., Korniejenko, K., Bednarz, S., Sroczyk, P., et al., 3D printing of concrete-geopolymer hybrids, Materials, 2022, 15(8): 2819. 10.3390/ma15082819
- Zoude, C., Gremillard, L., Prud’Homme, E., Combination of chemical foaming and direct ink writing for lightweight geopolymers, Open. Ceram., 2023, 16: 100478. 10.1016/j.oceram.2023.100478
- Ma, S., Jiang, Y., Fu, S., He, P., Sun, C., Duan, X., et al., 3D-printed Lunar regolith simulant-based geopolymer composites with bio-inspired sandwich architectures, J. Adv. Ceram., 2023, 12(3): 510–525. 10.26599/JAC.2023.9220700
- Ulubeyli, S., Lunar shelter construction issues: The state-of-the-art towards 3D printing technologies, Acta Astronaut., 2022, 195: 318–343. 10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.03.033
- Xu, F., Gu, G., Zhang, W., Wang, H., Huang, X., Zhu, J., Pore structure analysis and properties evaluations of fly ash-based geopolymer foams by chemical foaming method, Ceram. Int., 2018, 44(16): 19989–19997. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.07.267
- Petlitckaia, S., Poulesquen, A., Design of lightweight metakaolin based geopolymer foamed with hydrogen peroxide, Ceram. Int., 2019, 45(1): 1322–1330. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.10.021
- Sanjayan, J.G., Nazari, A., Chen, L., Nguyen, G.H., Physical and mechanical properties of lightweight aerated geopolymer, Constr. Build. Mater., 2015, 79: 236–244. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.01.043
- Jaya, N.A., Yun-Ming, L., Cheng-Yong, H., Abdullah, M.M.A.B., Hussin, K., Correlation between pore structure, compressive strength and thermal conductivity of porous metakaolin geopolymer, Constr. Build. Mater., 2020, 247: 118641. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118641
- Luna-Galiano, Y., Leiva, C., Arenas, C., Fernández-Pereira, C., Fly ash based geopolymeric foams using silica fume as pore generation agent. Physical, mechanical and acoustic properties, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 2018, 500: 196–204. 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2018.07.069
- Hajimohammadi, A., Ngo, T., Mendis, P., Sanjayan, J., Regulating the chemical foaming reaction to control the porosity of geopolymer foams, Mater. Des., 2017, 120: 255–265. 10.1016/j.matdes.2017.02.026
- Senff, L., Novais, R.M., Carvalheiras, J., Labrincha, J.A., Eco-friendly approach to enhance the mechanical performance of geopolymer foams: Using glass fibre waste coming from wind blade production, Constr. Build. Mater., 2020, 239: 117805. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117805
- Ducman, V., Korat, L., Characterization of geopolymer fly-ash based foams obtained with the addition of Al powder or H2O2 as foaming agents, Mater. Charact., 2016, 113: 207–213. 10.1016/j.matchar.2016.01.019
- Shen, S., Tian, J., Zhu, Y., Zhang, X., Hu, P., Synthesis of industrial solid wastes based geopolymer foams for building energy conservation: Effects of metallic aluminium and reclaimed materials, Constr. Build. Mater., 2022, 328: 127083. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127083
- Bai, C., Zheng, J., Rizzi, G.A., Colombo, P., Low-temperature fabrication of SiC/geopolymer cellular composites, Compos. Part. B: Eng., 2018, 137: 23–30. 10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.11.013
- Peng, X., Li, H., Shuai, Q., Wang, L., Fire resistance of alkali activated geopolymer foams produced from metakaolin and Na2O2. Materials, 2020, 13(3): 535. 10.3390/ma13030535
- Feng, J., Zhang, R., Gong, L., Li, Y., Cao, W., Cheng, X., Development of porous fly ash-based geopolymer with low thermal conductivity, Mater. Des. (1980-2015), 2015, 65: 529–533. 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.09.024
- Pasupathy, K., Ramakrishnan, S., Sanjayan, J., Influence of recycled concrete aggregate on the foam stability of aerated geopolymer concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 2021, 271: 121850. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121850
- Sornlar, W., Wannagon, A., Supothina, S., Stabilized homogeneous porous structure and pore type effects on the properties of lightweight kaolinite-based geopolymers, J. Build. Eng., 2021, 44: 103273. 10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103273
- Cui, Y., Wang, D., Zhao, J., Li, D., Ng, S., Rui, Y., Effect of calcium stearate based foam stabilizer on pore characteristics and thermal conductivity of geopolymer foam material, J. Build. Eng., 2018, 20: 21–29. 10.1016/j.jobe.2018.06.002
- Cui, Y., Wang, D., Effects of water on pore structure and thermal conductivity of fly ash-based foam geopolymers, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2019, 2019: 1–10. 10.1155/2019/3202794
- Shao, N.N., Zhang, Y.B., Liu, Z., Wang, D.M., Zhang, Z.T., Fabrication of hollow microspheres filled fly ash based foam geopolymers with ultra-low thermal conductivity and relative high strength, Constr. Build. Mater., 2018, 185: 567–573. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.077
- Wongkvanklom, A., Posi, P., Kasemsiri, P., Sata, V., Cao, T., Chindaprasirt, P., Strength, thermal conductivity and sound absorption of cellular lightweight high calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete, Eng. Appl. Sci. Res., 2021, 48: 487496. 10.14456/EASR.2021.51
- Bai, C., Franchin, G., Elsayed, H., Zaggia, A., Conte, L., Li, H., et al., High-porosity geopolymer foams with tailored porosity for thermal insulation and wastewater treatment, J. Mater. Res., 2017, 32(17): 3251–3259. 10.1557/jmr.2017.127
- Shilar, F.A., Ganachari, S.V., Patil, V.B., Bhojaraja, B.E., Khan, T.Y., Almakayeel, N., A review of 3D printing of geopolymer composites for structural and functional applications, Constr. Build. Mater., 2023, 400: 132869. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132869
- Lazorenko, G., Kasprzhitskii, A., Geopolymer additive manufacturing: A review, Addit. Manuf., 2022, 55: 102782. 10.1016/j.addma.2022.102782
- Raza, M.H., Zhong, R.Y., Khan, M., Recent advances and productivity analysis of 3D printed geopolymers, Addit. Manuf., 2022, 52, 102685. 10.1016/j.addma.2022.102685
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2025-0013 | Journal eISSN: 2083-134X (formerly 2083-124X) | Journal ISSN: 2083-1331
Language: English
Page range: 115 - 132
Submitted on: Mar 13, 2025
Accepted on: May 13, 2025
Published on: Mar 31, 2025
Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2025 Wei-Chien Wang, Melati Sari Dewi, Wei-Ting Lin, Marek Hebda, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.