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Cyclic oxidation of 304L and 316L stainless steel coated and uncoated with Cr3C2–NiCr at elevated temperatures Cover

Cyclic oxidation of 304L and 316L stainless steel coated and uncoated with Cr3C2–NiCr at elevated temperatures

Materials Science-Poland
Volume 43 (2025): Issue 1 (March 2025)
By: Naveen Kumar,  Md Sarfaraz Alam,  Nagendra Kumar Mishra,  Sujeet Kumar,  Jayant Giri,  Ayman A. Aly and  Gaurav Kumar Gupta  
Open Access
|Mar 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Macrographs of specimens. (a) Uncoated AISI 304L steel substrate. (b) Uncoated AISI 316L steel substrate. (c) Cr3C2–25% NiCr-coated AISI 304L steel substrate. (d) Cr3C2–25% NiCr-coated AISI 316L steel substrate.
Macrographs of specimens. (a) Uncoated AISI 304L steel substrate. (b) Uncoated AISI 316L steel substrate. (c) Cr3C2–25% NiCr-coated AISI 304L steel substrate. (d) Cr3C2–25% NiCr-coated AISI 316L steel substrate.

Figure 2

Schematic diagram of the D-gun method.
Schematic diagram of the D-gun method.

Figure 3

Coating thickness: (a) substrate SS 316L and (b) substrate SS 304L.
Coating thickness: (a) substrate SS 316L and (b) substrate SS 304L.

Figure 4

Cross-section SEM image after oxidation.
Cross-section SEM image after oxidation.

Figure 5

Schematic diagram of the muffle furnace.
Schematic diagram of the muffle furnace.

Figure 6

Weight gain/area vs the number of cycles for bare and coated 304L and SS 316L in dry air at 850°C.
Weight gain/area vs the number of cycles for bare and coated 304L and SS 316L in dry air at 850°C.

Figure 7

Weight gain/area vs the number of cycles for bare and coated SS 304L and SS 316L in dry air at 750°C.
Weight gain/area vs the number of cycles for bare and coated SS 304L and SS 316L in dry air at 750°C.

Figure 8

Macrographs of specimens in dry air at 850°C. (a) Uncoated 304L. (b) Coated 304L. (c) Uncoated 316L. (d) Coated 316L.
Macrographs of specimens in dry air at 850°C. (a) Uncoated 304L. (b) Coated 304L. (c) Uncoated 316L. (d) Coated 316L.

Figure 9

Macrographs of specimens in dry air at 750°C. (a) Uncoated 304L. (b) Coated 304L. (c) Uncoated 316L. (d) Coated 316L.
Macrographs of specimens in dry air at 750°C. (a) Uncoated 304L. (b) Coated 304L. (c) Uncoated 316L. (d) Coated 316L.

Figure 10

SEM images of Cr3C2–NiCr-coated (a–c) SS 304L and (d–f) SS 316L.
SEM images of Cr3C2–NiCr-coated (a–c) SS 304L and (d–f) SS 316L.

Figure 11

SEM images of Cr3C2–NiCr coated (a) SS 304L at 750°C, (b) SS 316L at 750°C, (c) SS 304L at 850°C, and (d) SS 316L at 850°C after the oxidation cycle.
SEM images of Cr3C2–NiCr coated (a) SS 304L at 750°C, (b) SS 316L at 750°C, (c) SS 304L at 850°C, and (d) SS 316L at 850°C after the oxidation cycle.

Figure 12

XRD patterns of as-sprayed and oxidized coatings.
XRD patterns of as-sprayed and oxidized coatings.

Powder coating process parameters_

ParametersCr3C2–NiCr coating
Proportion75% Cr3C2/25% NiCr
Oxygen flow rate (O2)2720 SLPH
Acetylene (C2H2) flow rate2320 SLPH
Pressure (P)0.2 MPa
Nitrogen flow rate (N2)720 SLPH
Pressure (P)0.14 MPa
Power450 VA
Spray distance165 mm
Spray angle90o
Coating thickness (average)450 µm
Fire rate10 Hz (10 shots per second)

304L and 316L SS chemical composition (%)_

SubstrateCMnPSSiCrNiMoFe%
SS 304L0.0302.000.450.031.0018.0–20.08.00–12.00—Bal.
SS 316L0.0302.000.450.031.0016.0–18.010.00–14.002.00–3.00Bal.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2025-0010 | Journal eISSN: 2083-134X | Journal ISSN: 2083-1331
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Language: English
Page range: 103 - 114
Submitted on: Jan 15, 2025
Accepted on: Apr 16, 2025
Published on: Mar 31, 2025
Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Detonation gun,
Oxidation,
CrC–NiCr,
SS,
Coating
Related subjects:
Materials sciences,
Materials sciences, other,
Nanomaterials,
Functional and smart materials,
Materials characterization and properties

© 2025 Naveen Kumar, Md Sarfaraz Alam, Nagendra Kumar Mishra, Sujeet Kumar, Jayant Giri, Ayman A. Aly, Gaurav Kumar Gupta, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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