Figure 1
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Figure 7
Chemical composition of S235JR steel (in wt%) [33]_
| C | Mn | P | S | Cu | N | Fe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.17 | 1.40 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.55 | 0.012 | Bal. |
Chemical composition of feedstock powders (material no_ from Table 1)_
| Feedstock | Elemental content (wt%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | Si | Cr | B | Ni | Mo | Cu | Fe | W | |
| S1 | 0.03 | — | 18.00 | — | 13.00 | 2.7 | — | bal. | — |
| S2 | 0.95 | 3.80 | 16.50 | 3.30 | Bal. | — | — | — | — |
| S3 | 2.35 | 3.80 | 16.50 | 3.30 | Bal. | — | — | — | 25.00 |
| S4 | 0.50 | 4.00 | 16.00 | 4.00 | Bal. | 3.0 | 3.0 | — | — |
Parameters used for hardfacing of the overlays_
| Sample code | Parameters | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Current intensity (A) | Torch speed (mm/s) | Powder feed rate (g/min) | |
| S1 | 100 | 0.8 | 9.7 |
| S2 | 80 | 0.8 | 9.0 |
| S3 | 100 | 1.6 | 11.0 |
| S4 | 80 | 0.8 | 9.0 |
Electrochemical parameters obtained for all samples_
| Sample code | E OC (mV) | E corr vs Ag/AgCl (mV) | I corr (µA/cm2) | R p (kΩ cm2) | E p (mV) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average result | |||||
| S1 | −87.8 | −159.7 | 0.1 | 213.7 | 845 |
| S2 | −262.0 | −290.9 | 0.3 | 108.8 | 535 |
| S3 | −234.9 | −237.1 | 0.2 | 146.8 | 483 |
| S4 | −194.4 | −200.3 | 0.1 | 210.0 | 438 |
Sample code and the PSD of powders [32]_
| Feedstock material | Sample code | PSD (μm) |
|---|---|---|
| 316L | S1 | −150 + 45 |
| NiCrBSi | S2 | −125 + 45 |
| NiCrBSi + 35 wt% WC | S3 | −125 + 22 |
| NiCrCuMo | S4 | −125 + 45 |