Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

Fig. 11.

Fig. 12.

Fig. 13.

Fig. 14.

Fig. 15.

Fig. 16.

Fig. 17.

Fig. 18.

Fig. 19.

CDPM parameters utilized in this study
| Parameters Dilation angle (ψ) Stress ratio (fb0/fc0) | Compressive meridian (Kc) | Eccentricity (ε) | Viscosity (μ) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | 27 (calibrated value) | 1.16 (default value [20]) | 0.667 (default value [20]) | 0.1 (default value [20]) | 0.001 default value [20]) |
Details of the FE analysis matrix
| Scenarios | Specimen ID | RCA ratio | Concrete strengths | Main rebar diameter | No. of specimens |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beams Failing in Flexural | F-0-18-(25/35/40) | 0% | 25/35/40 MPa | 2T18 mm | 3 |
| F-25-18-(25/35/40) | 25% | 3 | |||
| F-50-18-(25/35/40) | 50% | 3 | |||
| F-75-18-(25/35/40) | 75% | 3 | |||
| F-100-18-(25/35/40) | 100% | 3 | |||
| F-0-16-(25/35/40) | 0% | 25/35/40 MPa | 2T16 mm | 3 | |
| F-25-16-(25/35/40) | 25% | 3 | |||
| F-50-16-(25/35/40) | 50% | 3 | |||
| F-75-16-(25/35/40) | 75% | 3 | |||
| F-100-16-(25/35/40) | 100% | 3 | |||
| F-0-14-(25/35/40) | 0% | 25/35/40 MPa | 2T14 mm | 3 | |
| F-25-14-(25/35/40) | 25% | 3 | |||
| F-50-14-(25/35/40) | 50% | 3 | |||
| F-75-14-(25/35/40) | 75% | 3 | |||
| F-100-14-(25/35/40) | 100% | 3 | |||
| Beams Failing in Shear | S-0-150-(25/35/40) | 0% | 25/35/40 MPa | 2T16 + 4T22 | 3 |
| S-25-150-(25/35/40) | 25% | 3 | |||
| S-50-150-(25/35/40) | 50% | 3 | |||
| S-75-150-(25/35/40) | 75% | 3 | |||
| S-100-150-(25/35/40) | 100% | 3 | |||
| Total Number of Specimens | 60 | ||||